LGBT rights in the Americas

LGBT rights in Americas

Americas
Same-sex sexual activity legal? Legal in 25 out of 35 states
Legal in all 20 territories
Gender identity/expression Legal in 15 out of 35 states
Legal in 9 out of 20 territories
Military service Allowed to serve openly in 16 out of 29 states that have an army
Legal in all 20 territories
Discrimination protections Legal in 17 out of 35 states
Legal in 15 out of 20 territories
Family rights
Recognition of
relationships		 Legal in 10 out of 35 states
Legal in 10 out of 20 territories
Restrictions:
 Same-sex marriage constitutionally banned in 7 out of 35 states
Adoption Legal in 7 out of 35 states
Legal in 10 out of 20 territories

Laws governing lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) rights are complex in the Americas, and acceptance of LGBT persons varies widely. Same-sex marriages have been legal in Canada nationwide since 2005, in Argentina since 2010, in Brazil nationwide and Uruguay since 2013, in the United States nationwide since 2015 and in Colombia since 2016. In Mexico, same-sex marriages are performed in Mexico City and the states of Quintana Roo, Coahuila, Chihuahua, Nayarit, Jalisco, Guerrero, Campeche, Colima, and Michoacán; those unions are recognized nationwide. Same-sex marriages are also legal in the Caribbean Netherlands, while marriages performed in the Netherlands are recognized in Aruba, Curaçao and Sint Maarten. More than 700 million people live in nations or sub-national entities in the Americas where same-sex marriages are available.

Furthermore, some other nations have laws recognizing other types of same-sex unions (Ecuador and Chile), as well as LGBT adoption and military service by LGBT people. However, ten other nations, all of them in the former British West Indies, still have criminal punishment for “buggery” on their statute books.[1] These ten countries include Jamaica, Dominica, Barbados, Guyana, Trinidad and Tobago, Saint Lucia, Antigua & Barbuda, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Grenada and Saint Kitts and Nevis.


Religion and LGBT acceptance

The British, French, Spanish and Portuguese colonists, who settled most of the Americas, brought Christianity from Europe. In particular, the Roman Catholic Church and The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, both of which oppose legal recognition of homosexual relationships followed by Eastern Orthodox church,[2] the Methodist Church,[3][4] and some other Mainline (Protestant) denominations, such as the Reformed Church in America[5] and the American Baptist Church,[6] as well as Conservative Evangelical organizations and churches, such as the Evangelical Alliance. The Southern Baptist Convention.[7][8][9] Pentecostal churches such as the Assemblies of God,[10] as well as Restorationist churches, like Jehovah's Witnesses and Mormons, also take the position that homosexual sexual activity is sinful.[11][12]

However, other denominations have become more accepting of LGBT people in recent decades, including the Episcopal Church in the United States, the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America, the Evangelical Lutheran Church in Canada, the Anglican Church of Canada, the United Church of Canada, the United Church of Christ, the Unitarian Universalist Association, and the Society of Friends (Quakers), and some congregations of the Presbyterian Church (U. S. A.). Most of these denominations now perform same-sex weddings or blessings. Furthermore, many churches in the United Methodist Church in the US are choosing to officiate and bless same-sex marriage despite denomination-wide restrictions. [13] In addition, in the United States Conservative Judaism, Reform Judaism, and Reconstructionist Judaism now welcome LGBT worshippers and perform same-sex weddings.

State recognition of same-sex relationships in North America & Hawaii.1
  Same-sex marriage
  Other type of partnership
  Same-sex marriages recognized, but not performed
  Binding judicial ruling against a ban on same-sex marriage2
1May include recent laws or court decisions which have created legal recognition of same-sex relationships, but which have not entered into effect yet.
2Some states in these categories also have a ban unions similar to marriage and binding judicial rulings against bans unions similar to marriage.
Homosexuality laws in Central America and the Caribbean Islands.
  Same-sex marriage
  Other type of partnership
  Unregistered cohabitation
  Foreign same-sex marriages recognized
  No recognition of same-sex couples
  Constitution limits marriage to opposite-sex couples
  Same-sex sexual activity illegal but not enforced
  Same-sex sexual activity illegal only for males
  Same-sex sexual activity illegal for males and females
Homosexuality legislation in Lesser Antilles.
  Same-sex marriage
  Same-sex marriage only recognized
  Other type of partnership
  Unrecognized or unknown
  Same-sex sexual activity illegal but not enforced
  Same-sex sexual activity illegal
Recognition of same-sex unions in South America
  Marriage
  Other type of partnership
  Unrecognized
  Same-sex marriage banned
  Same-sex sexual activity illegal
----


Legislation by country or territory

Main article: LGBT rights by country or territory
Tables:

North America

LGBT rights in: Same-sex sexual activity Recognition of same-sex unions Same-sex marriage Adoption by same-sex couples LGBT people allowed to serve openly in military Anti-discrimination laws concerning sexual orientation Laws concerning gender identity/expression
Bermuda Bermuda
(Overseas territory of the United Kingdom)		 Legal since 1994 (age of consent discrepancy)
+ UN decl. sign.[1]		 Legal since 2015[14] UK responsible for defence. Bans all anti-gay discrimination.[15]
Canada Canada Legal since 1969 (age of consent discrepancy and prohibition of anal intercourse in some cases)
+ UN decl. sign.[1][16]		 Domestic partnership in Nova Scotia (2001)[17];
Civil union in Quebec (2002)[18];
Adult interdependent relationship in Alberta (2003)[19];
Common-law relationship in Manitoba (2004)[20]		 Legal in some provinces and territories since 2003,
nationwide since 2005.[21]		 Legal in some provinces and territories since 1996, nationwide since 2010.[22] Since 1992[23] Bans all anti-gay discrimination, including hate speech. Pathologization or attempted treatment of sexual orientation by mental health professionals illegal in Manitoba and Ontario since 2015 (proposed in other jurisdictions). Transgender persons can change their legal gender and name after completion of medical intervention in most provinces and territories (not required in Ontario, British Columbia, Manitoba, Newfoundland and Labrador and Nova Scotia); Explicit anti-discrimination protections only in Alberta, British Columbia,[24] Manitoba, Saskatchewan, Prince Edward Island, Ontario, Quebec, the Northwest Territories and Nova Scotia implicit elsewhere.[25][26][27][28]
Greenland Greenland
(Constituent country of the Kingdom of Denmark)		 Legal since 1933
+ UN decl. sign.[1]		 Registered partnership since 1996[29] Legal since 2016 Step-child adoption since 2009.[30] Joint adoption since 2016.[31] Since 1978 (Denmark responsible for defence) / Bans some anti-gay discrimination.[1]
Mexico Mexico Legal since 1871
+ UN decl. sign.[1]		 / Civil union in Mexico City (2007), Coahuila (2007),[32] Colima (2013),[33] Campeche (2013),[34] Jalisco (2014)[35] / Legal in Mexico City (2010),[36] Quintana Roo (2012),[37] Coahuila (2014), Chihuahua (2015), Guerrero (2015), Nayarit (2015), Jalisco (2016), Campeche (2016), Michoacán (2016), Colima (2016), Morelos (2016).
All states are obliged to honour same-sex marriages performed in states where it is legal.[36]
(Proposed nationwide).[38][39]

The Supreme Court has declared that it is unconstitutional to deny marriage licenses to same-sex couples in all states,[40] but as state constitutions were not invalidated, individual injunctions must still be obtained from the court.[41][42]

 / Explicitly legal in Mexico City (2010)[43], Coahuila (2014), Michoacán (2016), Colima (2016). [44]
Nationwide, married same-sex couples may adopt.[45]		 Constitutional ban on all anti-gay discrimination.[46] Transgender persons can change their legal gender and name in Mexico City since 2008.[47] Mexico adopted a legal protocol for gender identity and sexual orientation in 2014 based upon constitutional provisions to equally protect the rights of all citizens.[48]
Saint Pierre et Miquelon
(Overseas collectivity of France)		 Legal since 1791
+ UN decl. sign.[1]		 Civil solidarity pact since 1999[49] Legal since 2013[50] Legal since 2013[51] Bans all anti-gay discrimination.[52] Requires sterilization for legal change.[53]
United States United States Legal in some states since 1962, nationwide since 2003
+ UN decl. sign.[1]		 Domestic partnership in California (1999),[54] the District of Columbia (2002),[55] Maine (2004),[56] Oregon (2008),[57] Maryland (2008),[58] Wisconsin (2009)[59] and Nevada (2009)[60];
Civil union in New Jersey (2007),[61] Illinois (2011),[62] Hawaii (2012),[63] and Colorado (2013)[64]		 Legal in some states since 2004.
Nationwide since 2015, except American Samoa and some tribal jurisdictions.[65][66]		 Legal in some states since 1993.
Nationwide since 2015, except American Samoa.[66]		 Since 2011[67] Federal executive order prohibiting discrimination based on sexual orientation for employees in the federal civilian workforce, along with the government employment in the District of Columbia, and the United States Postal Service, since 1998 (see Executive Order 12968 and Executive Order 13087). Pathologization or attempted treatment of sexual orientation with minors by mental health professionals illegal in some states. (Banned in California, Illinois, New Jersey, Oregon, the District of Columbia and some cities such as Miami Beach, Cincinnati and Seattle). Included in the federal hate crimes law since 2009.
(Sexual orientation discrimination in public and private employment)		 / Gender identity discrimination in employment and healthcare insurance banned since 2012.[68][69] Included in the federal hate crimes law since 2009. Employment discrimination based on sexual orientation banned since 2015.[70]
(Gender identity discrimination in public and private employment)

Central America

LGBT rights in: Same-sex sexual activity Recognition of same-sex unions Same-sex marriage Adoption by same-sex couples LGBT people allowed to serve openly in military Anti-discrimination laws concerning sexual orientation Laws concerning gender identity/expression
Belize Belize Legal since 2016[71] Section 16(3) of the constitution bans discrimination on the basis of sex, race, place of origin, political opinions, colour or creed[72] The ruling overturning Section 53 of the criminal code specifically stated "sex" as mentioned in Section 16(3) of the constitution, includes sexual orientation.[73][74] Transgender persons can change their legal name without surgeries.

Gender change is not allowed.[75]

Costa Rica Costa Rica Legal since 1971
+ UN decl. sign.[1]		 Unregistered cohabitation since 2014;
(De facto union pending)[76][77]		 LGBT individuals may adopt.[78] Has no military. Bans all anti-gay discrimination.[1] Transgender persons can change their legal name without surgeries. Judicial permission required.

Gender change is not allowed.

El Salvador El Salvador Legal since the 1800s
+ UN decl. sign.[1]		 (Constitutional ban pending)[79] [80] Bans all anti-gay discrimination.[80] Bans hate crimes based on gender identity.[81][82]
Guatemala Guatemala Legal since 1800's
+ UN decl. sign.[1]		 Transgender persons can change their legal name without surgeries. Judicial permission required.[83]

Gender change is not allowed.

Honduras Honduras Legal since 1899
+ UN decl. sign.[1]		 Constitutional ban since 2005.[84][85] Bans all anti-gay discrimination, including hate speech.[86] Bans hate crimes based on gender identity.[1]
Nicaragua Nicaragua Legal since 2008
+ UN decl. sign.[1]		 Bans some anti-gay discrimination.[1]
Panama Panama Legal since 2008
+ UN decl. sign.[1]		 Has no military. (Anti-discrimination law proposed).[87] Transgender persons can change their legal gender and name after completion of medical intervention since 2006.[88] Legal name change, without surgeries, is allowed since 2016.[89]

Caribbean

LGBT rights in: Same-sex sexual activity Recognition of same-sex unions Same-sex marriage Adoption by same-sex couples LGBT people allowed to serve openly in military Anti-discrimination laws concerning sexual orientation Laws concerning gender identity/expression
Anguilla Anguilla
(Overseas territory of the United Kingdom)		 Legal since 2000
+ UN decl. sign.[1]		 UK responsible for defence.
Antigua and Barbuda Antigua and Barbuda Illegal
Penalty: 15-year prison sentence.[1]
Aruba Aruba
(Constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands)		 Legal
+ UN decl. sign.[1]		 Civil Unions since 2016[90] /(Pending)
Same-sex marriages performed in the Netherlands recognized.[91]		 The Netherlands responsible for defence.
The Bahamas Bahamas Legal since 1991 (age of consent discrepancy)
+ UN decl. sign.[1]		 [1]
Barbados Barbados Illegal
Penalty: Life imprisonment (not enforced).[1]
British Virgin Islands British Virgin Islands
(Overseas territory of the United Kingdom)		 Legal since 2000
+ UN decl. sign.[1]		 UK responsible for defence. Constitutional ban on all anti-gay discrimination.[92]
Caribbean Netherlands Caribbean Netherlands
(Bonaire, Sint Eustatius, Saba; Special municipalities of the Netherlands)		 Legal
+ UN decl. sign.[1]		 Registered partnership since 2012[93] Legal since 2012[94] [95] The Netherlands responsible for defence. Bans all anti-gay discrimination.[96] [97]
Cayman Islands Cayman Islands
(Overseas territory of the United Kingdom)		 Legal since 2000 (age of consent discrepancy)[1]
+ UN decl. sign.		 / Same-sex marriage not expressly prohibited under Cayman Islands law, but Constitutional right of a man and a woman to marry a person of the opposite sex since 2009.[98] Same-sex marriages performed in a foreign country are now recognized for immigration purposes. [99] UK responsible for defence.
Cuba Cuba Legal since 1979
+ UN decl. sign.[1]		 Constitutional ban since 1976. [1] Bans some anti-gay discrimination.[100][101] [102]
Curaçao Curaçao
(Constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands)		 Legal
+ UN decl. sign.[1]		 (Proposed) / Same-sex marriages performed in the Netherlands recognized.[91] The Netherlands responsible for defence.
Dominica Dominica Illegal
Penalty: 10-year prison sentence or incarceration in a psychiatric institution (Not enforced)
+ UN decl. sign.[1]
Dominican Republic Dominican Republic Legal since 1822
+ UN decl. sign.[1]		 Constitutional ban since 2010.[103] [104]
Grenada Grenada Male illegal
Penalty: 10-year prison sentence
Female always legal.[1]		 Has no military.
Guadeloupe Guadeloupe
(Overseas department of France)		 Legal since 1791
+ UN decl. sign.[1]		 Civil solidarity pact since 1999[49] Legal since 2013[50] Legal since 2013[51] Bans all anti-gay discrimination.[52] Requires sterilization for legal change.[53]
Haiti Haiti Legal since 1986[1] Has no military.
Jamaica Jamaica Male illegal
Penalty: 10 years hard labor (not enforced)
Female always legal.[1]
Martinique Martinique
(Overseas department of France)		 Legal since 1791
+ UN decl. sign.[1]		 Civil solidarity pact since 1999[49] Legal since 2013[50] Legal since 2013[51] Bans all anti-gay discrimination.[52] Requires sterilization for legal change.[53]
Montserrat Montserrat
(Overseas territory of the United Kingdom)		 Legal since 2000
+ UN decl. sign.[1]		 Constitutional ban since 2010.[105] UK responsible for defence. Constitutional ban on all anti-gay discrimination.[106]
Puerto Rico Puerto Rico
(Commonwealth of the United States)		 Legal since 2003
+ UN decl. sign.[1]		 Since 2015 Legal since 2015[107] Legal since 2015 Since 2011[67] Bans hate crimes since 2002 and anti–employment discrimination since 2013. US hate crime laws also apply. Bans hate crimes since 2002 and anti–employment discrimination since 2013. US hate crime laws also apply.
Saint Barthélemy
(Overseas collectivity of France since 2007)		 Legal since 1791
+ UN decl. sign.[1]		 Civil solidarity pact since 1999[49] Legal since 2013[50] Legal since 2013[51] Bans all anti-gay discrimination.[52] Requires sterilization for legal change.[53]
Saint Kitts and Nevis Saint Kitts and Nevis Male illegal
Penalty: 10 years
Female always legal.[1]
Saint Lucia Saint Lucia Male illegal
Penalty: fine and/or 10-year prison sentence
Female always legal.[1]		 Has no military.
Saint Martin
(Overseas collectivity of France since 2007)		 Legal since 1791
+ UN decl. sign.[1]		 Civil solidarity pact since 1999[49] Legal since 2013[50] Legal since 2013[51] Bans all anti-gay discrimination.[52] Requires sterilization for legal change.[53]
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Illegal
Penalty: fine and/or 10-year prison sentence.[1]		 Has no military.
Sint Maarten Sint Maarten
(Constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands)		 Legal
+ UN decl. sign.[1]		 (Proposed) / Same-sex marriages performed in the Netherlands recognized.[91] The Netherlands responsible for defence.
Trinidad and Tobago Trinidad and Tobago Illegal
Penalty: 25-year prison sentence (not enforced).[1]
Turks and Caicos Islands Turks and Caicos Islands
(Overseas territory of the United Kingdom)		 Legal since 2000
+ UN decl. sign.[1]		 Constitutional ban since 2011.[108] UK responsible for defence. Constitutional ban on all anti-gay discrimination.[1]
United States Virgin Islands United States Virgin Islands
(Insular area of the United States)		 Legal since 1985
+ UN decl. sign.[1]		 Since 2015[66] Legal since 2015[66] Legal since 2015[66] Since 2011[67] The US hate crime laws also apply to all US external territories as well. The US hate crime laws also apply to all US external territories as well.

South America

LGBT rights in: Same-sex sexual activity Recognition of same-sex unions Same-sex marriage Adoption by same-sex couples LGBT people allowed to serve openly in military Anti-discrimination laws concerning sexual orientation Laws concerning gender identity/expression
Argentina Argentina Legal since 1887
+ UN decl. sign.[1]		 Civil union in Buenos Aires (2003)[109] and Rio Negro (2003)[110]
Cohabitation union nationwide since 2015[111]		 Legal since 2010.[112] Legal since 2010 Since 2009[113] / Legal protection in some provinces (federal law pending).[114] Pathologization or attempted treatment of sexual orientation by mental health professionals illegal. Transgender persons can change their legal gender and name without surgeries or judicial permission since 2012.[115]
Bolivia Bolivia Legal
+ UN decl. sign.[1]		 Constitutional ban on free unions.[116]
(Family life agreement pending)[117]		 Constitutional ban since 2009.[118] LGBT individuals may adopt.[119] [120][121][122] Bans all anti-gay discrimination.[1] Transgender persons can change their legal gender and name without surgeries or judicial permission since 2016.[123][124][125][126]
Brazil Brazil Legal since 1831
+ UN decl. sign.[1]		 "Stable unions" legal in some states since 2004. All rights as recognized family entities available nationwide since 2011.[127][128] Legal in some states since 2012, nationwide since 2013.[129][130] Legal since 2010[131] Since 1969[132] / All state-sanctioned social discrimination of citizens since 1988. Legal protection for sexual orientation in many jurisdictions (expansion of anti-discrimination (all) national Constitutional amendment discussed in the Senate).[133] Pathologization or attempted treatment of sexual orientation by mental health professionals illegal since 1999.[134][135] Transgender persons can change their legal gender and name after completion of medical intervention since 2009.[136][137][138]
Chile Chile Legal since 1999 (age of consent discrepancy)
+ UN decl. sign.[1]		 Civil union agreement since 2015.[139] (Pending).[140] / Same-sex couples may adopt, although only one is recognized as legal parent.

LGBT individuals may adopt (Joint and step-child adoption pending).[141]

 Since 2012.[142] Bans all anti-gay discrimination since 2012.[143] Transgender persons can change their legal gender and name after completion of medical intervention since 2007. Judicial permission required.[144] Currently, a broader gender identity law (which would not require any surgeries or judicial permission) is being discussed by the congress.[145][146]
Colombia Colombia Legal since 1981
+ UN decl. sign.[1]		 De facto marital union since 2007.[147] Legal since 2016.[148] Step-child adoption since 2014.[149] Joint adoption since 2015.[150] Since 1999. Since 2009 the military special social security system can be used by same sex couples in the army.[1] Bans all anti-gay discrimination including hate speech since 2011.[151] Since 2015, transgender persons can change their legal gender and name manifesting their solemn will before a notar, no surgeries or judicial order required.[152]
Ecuador Ecuador Legal since 1997
+ UN decl. sign.[1]		 De facto union since 2009.[153][154] Constitutional ban since 2009.[155] LGBT individuals may adopt.[156] [157] Bans all anti-gay discrimination.[158] Since 2016, transgender persons are allowed to change their birth name and gender identity (instead of the sex assigned at birth) on legal documents. No surgeries or judicial order required.[159][160][161]
Falkland Islands Falkland Islands
(Overseas territory of the United Kingdom)		 Legal since 1989
+ UN decl. sign.[1]		 (Civil partnership proposed)[162] (Proposed)[162] UK responsible for defence. Constitutional ban on all anti-gay discrimination.[163]
French Guiana French Guiana
(Overseas department of France)		 Legal since 1791
+ UN decl. sign.[1]		 Civil solidarity pact since 1999.[49] Legal since 2013.[50] Legal since 2013.[51] Bans all anti-gay discrimination.[52] Requires sterilization for legal change.[53]
Guyana Guyana Illegal
Penalty: Up to life imprisonment (not enforced).[1]		 [164] [165]
Paraguay Paraguay Legal since 1880 (age of consent discrepancy)
+ UN decl. sign.[1]		 Constitutional ban since 1992.[166] Constitutional ban since 1992.[167] (Proposed).[168]
Peru Peru Legal since 1836-1837
+ UN decl. sign.[1]		 (Solidary community pending).[169] Since 2009.[170] [171][172][173] Transgender persons can change their legal gender and name after completion of medical intervention. Judicial permission required.[174][175]
Suriname Suriname Legal since 1869
+ UN decl.
Uruguay Uruguay Legal since 1934
+ UN decl. sign.[1]		 Concubinage union since 2008.[176] Legal since 2013[177] Legal since 2009[178] Since 2009.[179] Bans all anti-gay discrimination since 2004.[180] Transgender persons can change their legal gender and name since 2009.[181]
Venezuela Venezuela Legal since 1997
+ UN decl. sign.[1]		 (Proposed).[182] Bans some anti-gay discrimination.[1]

See also

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 "State Sponsored Homophobia 2016: A world survey of sexual orientation laws: criminalisation, protection and recognition" (PDF). International Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans and Intersex Association. 17 May 2016. Retrieved 19 May 2016.
  2. ↑ "Holy Synod - Encyclicals - Synodal Affirmations on Marriage, Family, Sexuality, and the Sanctity of Life". Retrieved 29 June 2015.
  3. ↑ "The Christian Life - Christian Conduct". Free Methodist Church. Retrieved 2008-05-16.
  4. ↑ "British Methodists reject blessing of same-sex relationships". The United Methodist Church. Retrieved 2007-05-16.
  5. ↑ "Summaries of General Synod Discussions and Actions on Homosexuality and the Rights of Homosexuals". Reformed Church in America. Retrieved 2009-11-21.
  6. ↑ "We Are American Baptists". American Baptist Churches USA. Retrieved 2009-11-21.
  7. ↑ "Southern Baptist Convention". Retrieved 29 June 2015.
  8. ↑ Statement on Homosexuality
  9. ↑ "EPC". Retrieved 29 June 2015.
  10. ↑ Homosexuality
  11. ↑ "Homosexuality—How Can I Avoid It?". Awake!: 28–30. February 2007.
  12. ↑ "Interview With Elder Dallin H. Oaks and Elder Lance B. Wickman: "Same-Gender Attraction"". www.mormonnewsroom.org. Retrieved 29 June 2015.
  13. ↑ "Reconciling Ministries Network". Retrieved 13 July 2016.
  14. ↑
  15. ↑ Johnson, Ayo (June 15, 2013). "MPs approve historic Human Rights Act changes". The Royal Gazette. Retrieved June 15, 2013.
  16. ↑ "Criminal Code (R.S., 1985, c. C-46), Section 159, Subsection (1)". Department of Justice Canada. 21 May 2010.
  17. ↑ Law Reform (2000) Act
  18. ↑ An Act instituting civil unions and establishing new rules of filiation
  19. ↑ "Alberta: Adult Interdependent Relationships". Legal Resource Center of Alberta. 2006. Retrieved 2007-07-28.
  20. ↑ THE COMMON-LAW PARTNERS' PROPERTY AND RELATED AMENDMENTS ACT
  21. ↑ LOI CONCERNANT CERTAINES CONDITIONS DE FOND DU MARIAGE CIVIL
  22. ↑ Status differs in provinces and territories:
  23. ↑ "Canadian Armed Forces". The Canadian Lesbian & Gay Archives. Retrieved 30 September 2010.
  24. ↑
  25. ↑ Northwest Territories Human Rights Act, S.N.W.T. 2002, c.18. Section 5.
  26. ↑ "Ontario passes law to protect transgender people". CBC News. June 13, 2012. Retrieved June 13, 2012.
  27. ↑ http://www2.gov.bc.ca/gov/topic.page?id=C53953157EE344A681EFD28325B526F4
  28. ↑ http://vitalstats.gov.mb.ca/change_of_sex_designation.html
  29. ↑ "1995-96 - L 162 (oversigt): Forslag til lov om ændring af kriminalloven og arveloven for Grønland. (Ændringer som følge af indførelse af registreret partnerskab)" (in Danish). Webarkiv.dk. Retrieved September 14, 2012.
  30. ↑ (Danish) Anordning om ikrafttræden for Grønland af lov om ændring af lov om registreret partnerskab m.v.
  31. ↑ L 122 Forslag til lov om ændring af myndighedsloven for Grønland, lov om ikrafttræden for Grønland af lov om ægteskabets retsvirkninger, retsplejelov for Grønland og kriminallov for Grønland.
  32. ↑ (Spanish) Leopoldo Ramos (11 January 2007). "Aprueba Coahuila la figura del pacto civil de solidaridad". La Jornada. Retrieved 15 February 2014.
  33. ↑ (Spanish) Pedro Zamora Briseño (29 July 2013). "Aprueba Colima "enlace conyugal" entre parejas del mismo sexo". Proceso. Retrieved 15 February 2014.
  34. ↑ http://www.sdpnoticias.com/gay/2013/12/23/legalizan-bodas-gays-en-campeche
  35. ↑ (Spanish) "Jalisco avala Ley de Libre Convivencia para regular parejas del mismo sexo". CNN México. 31 October 2013. Retrieved 15 February 2014.
  36. 1 2 David Agren (10 August 2010). "Mexican States Ordered to Honor Gay Marriages". New York Times. Retrieved 11 August 2010.
  37. ↑ (Spanish) Varillas, Adriana (3 May 2012). "Revocan anulación de bodas gay en QRoo". El Universal. Retrieved 15 February 2014.
  38. ↑ (Spanish) Mauricio Torres (14 November 2013). "Senadores proponen legalizar el matrimonio gay en todo México". CNN México. Retrieved 15 February 2014.
  39. ↑ (Spanish) "Propone Fernando Mayans Canabal reconocer el matrimonio sin distinción de preferencia sexual". Senado de México. 20 November 2013. Retrieved 15 February 2014.
  40. ↑ Summers, Claude (6 June 2015). "Mexico's Supreme Court Effectively Legalizes Same-Sex Marriage Nationwide". Retrieved 15 June 2015.
  41. ↑ "SCJN abre la puerta a matrimonio gay en todo el país" (in Spanish). Mexico City, Mexico: La Journada. 12 June 2015. Retrieved 15 June 2015.
  42. ↑ "Suprema Corte ampara matrimonio igualitario" (in Spanish). Mexico: Animal Politico. 13 June 2015. Retrieved 15 June 2015.
  43. ↑ Associated Press (4 March 2010). "Mexico City's gay marriage law takes effect". MSNBC. Retrieved 6 March 2010.
  44. ↑ (Spanish) Jesús Castro (12 February 2014). "Ya pueden parejas gay adoptar en Coahuila; PAN vota en contra". Vanguardia. Retrieved 12 February 2014.
  45. ↑ "Intercountry Adoption: Mexico". Office of Children Issues, U.S. Dept. of State. November 2009.
  46. ↑ International Gay and Lesbian Human Rights Commission (IGLHRC) (23 April 2003). "Mexico protects its gay and lesbian citizens with new law". Retrieved 27 November 2009.
  47. ↑ International Lesbian and Gay Association (ILGA) Trans (29 August 2008). "Mexico City extends official rights to transgender individuals". Retrieved 27 November 2009.
  48. ↑ Mexico, Protocol of Action for Those Who Impart Justice in Cases that Involve Sexual Orientation or Gender Identity (PDF) (in Spanish). Mexico City: Supreme Court of Justice of the Nation. August 2014. ISBN 978-607-96207-3-8. Retrieved 17 June 2015.
  49. 1 2 3 4 5 6 (French) Loi n° 99-944 du 15 novembre 1999 relative au pacte civil de solidarité
  50. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Vignal, Francois (April 15, 2013). "Mariage pour tous : le détail du vote au Sénat" (in French). Public Senat. Retrieved October 27, 2013.
  51. 1 2 3 4 5 6 http://travel.state.gov/content/adoptionsabroad/en/country-information/learn-about-a-country/france.html
  52. 1 2 3 4 5 6 http://ilga-europe.org/
  53. 1 2 3 4 5 6 "France: Transsexualism will no longer be classified as a mental illness in France / News / Welcome to the ILGA Trans Secretariat / Trans / ilga - ILGA". Trans.ilga.org. 2009-05-16. Retrieved 21 November 2013.
  54. ↑ "California Family Code Section 299.2". Onecle.
  55. ↑ [http://www.citizenlink.org/CLNews/A000004948.cfm CitizenLink: Amendment Would Mean No Money to D.C. Domestic-Partner Registry
  56. ↑ Summary of LD 1579
  57. ↑ "Oregon Registered Domestic Partners" (PDF). State of Oregon. Retrieved December 11, 2012.
  58. ↑ "Senate Bill 566".
  59. ↑ Burroway, Jim (June 17, 2009). "Wisconsin Senate Approves Domestic Partnerships". Box Turtle Bulletin. Retrieved November 4, 2009.
  60. ↑ "Nevada legalizing domestic partnerships". CNN. May 31, 2009. Retrieved November 4, 2009.
  61. ↑ "New Jersey Public Law 2006, c.103" (PDF). New Jersey Legislature. 2006. Retrieved July 31, 2007.
  62. ↑ Illinois House passes civil unions legislation in historic vote
  63. ↑ Huffington Post: Mark Niesse, "Hawaii Governor Neil Abercrombie Signs Same-Sex Civil Unions Into Law," February 23, 2011, accessed April 13, 2011
  64. ↑ Votes for SB13-011
  65. ↑ Wolf, Richard (June 26, 2015). "Supreme Court strikes down bans on same-sex marriage". USA Today. Retrieved June 26, 2015.
  66. 1 2 3 4 5 Liptak, Adam (26 June 2015). "Gay Marriage Backers Win Supreme Court Victory". nytimes.com. Retrieved 26 June 2015.
  67. 1 2 3 "In 60 days, gays will be allowed to serve openly in the military". CNN. July 23, 2011.
  68. ↑ Geidner, Chris (23 April 2012). "Transgender Breakthrough". Metro Weekly. Retrieved 4 August 2012.
  69. ↑ HHS: Health Reform Law Prohibits Antitransgender Bias in Care
  70. ↑ Tatectate, Curtis (July 16, 2015). "EEOC: Federal law bans workplace bias against gays, lesbians, bisexuals | Miami Herald Miami Herald". Miamiherald.com. Retrieved 2016-05-25.
  71. ↑ http://www.nbcnews.com/feature/nbc-out/belize-supreme-court-overturns-anti-gay-law-n627511
  72. ↑ "Chapter 4 of the Laws of Belize - THE CONSTITUTION OF BELIZE PART II: Protection of Fundamental Rights and Freedoms". Belmopan, Belize: The Government of Belize. 1981. Archived from the original on 21 August 2013. Retrieved 10 August 2016.
  73. ↑ Littauer, Dan (10 August 2016). "Love wins! Belize anti-gay law struck down". Scotland: KaleidoScot. Retrieved 10 August 2016.
  74. ↑ "Supreme Court declares Section 53 unconstitutional". Port of Spain, Trinidad: Daily Express. Cana News. 10 August 2016. Retrieved 10 August 2016.
  75. ↑ "Transgender Culture in Belize". unibam.org. United Belize Advocacy Movement (UNIBAM). Retrieved 16 October 2016.
  76. ↑ [http://www.nacion.com/nacional/salud-publica/CCSS-aprobo-extender-seguro-parejas_0_1416058622.html, 22 May 2014
  77. ↑ Costa Rica Government To Prioritize Bill Legalizing Gay Civil Unions, 19 Mar 2015
  78. ↑ http://travel.state.gov/content/adoptionsabroad/en/country-information/learn-about-a-country/costa-rica.html
  79. ↑ http://www.lgbtqnation.com/2015/04/el-salvador-approves-measures-banning-same-sex-marriage-gay-couple-adoption/
  80. 1 2 Asociación Salvadoreña de Derechos Humanos “Entre Amigos” (2010). HUMAN RIGHTS SITUATION OF LESBIAN, GAY, BISEXUAL AND TRANSGENDER PERSONS IN EL SALVADOR: Shadow Report submitted to the United Nations Human Rights Committee (PDF). San Salvador.
  81. ↑ http://www.telesurtv.net/english/news/Gender-Hate-Crimes-in-El-Salvador-to-Receive-Tougher-Sentencing-20150904-0028.html
  82. ↑ http://www.lapagina.com.sv/nacionales/109929/2015/09/03/Homicidios-a-comunidad-LGTBI-tendran-penas-de-hasta-60-anos
  83. ↑ In socially conservative Guatemala, transgender people sees gains
  84. ↑ (Spanish) CONSTITUCION POLITICA DE LA REPUBLICA DE HONDURAS DE 1982
  85. ↑ "Honduras Bans Gay Marriage & Adoption". Global Gayz. March 30, 2005. Retrieved 2009-08-12.
  86. ↑ “DECRETO 144-83” CÓDIGO PENAL
  87. ↑ http://www.elnuevodiario.com.ni/internacionales/368103-buscan-que-orientacion-sexual-e-identidad-genero-s/
  88. ↑ http://impresa.prensa.com/panorama/Transexuales-panamenos-tramitan-cedulas-mujer_0_3518648160.html
  89. ↑ "Por primera vez, una transexual logra en Panamá cambiar su nombre en la cédula". El Espectador (in Spanish). Retrieved 1 August 2016.
  90. ↑ http://www.lgbtqnation.com/2016/09/aruba-parliament-approves-civil-unions-sex-couples/
  91. 1 2 3 "Charter for the Kingdom of the Netherlands" (in Dutch). Government of the Netherlands. 10 October 2010. Retrieved 29 December 2010.
  92. ↑ The Virgin Islands Constitution Order 2007, sections 9 and 26.
  93. ↑ Waaldijk, Kees. "Major legal consequences of marriage, cohabitation and registered partnership for different-sex and same-sex partners in the Netherlands" (PDF). INED. Retrieved October 27, 2013.
  94. ↑ "Gay Marriage Goes Dutch". CBS News. Associated Press. 1 April 2001. Retrieved 21 January 2010.
  95. ↑ "Burgerlijk Wetboek, Boek 1 (Civil Code, Book 1)". Government of the Netherlands. Retrieved 19 April 2013.
  96. ↑ https://www.government.nl/topics/discrimination/contents/prohibition-of-discrimination
  97. ↑ http://www.buzzfeed.com/lesterfeder/the-netherlands-passes-landmark-gender-identity-law
  98. ↑ "The Cayman Islands Constitution Order 2009" (PDF). Cayman Constitution. Retrieved September 15, 2012.
  99. ↑ Duncan, Charles (July 24, 2016). "Gay couple wins work permit appeal". Cayman Compass.
  100. ↑ (Spanish) Gaceta Oficial No. 29 Extraordinaria de 17 de junio de 2014
  101. ↑ (Spanish) Entra en vigor nuevo Código de Trabajo
  102. ↑ "Cuba approves sex change operations", Reuters, 6 June 2008
  103. ↑ (Spanish) Constitución Política de la República Dominicana, proclamada el 26 de enero 2010, Publicada en la Gaceta Oficial No. 10561, del 26 de enero de 2010.
  104. ↑ Dominican Republic reiterates ban on gay cops and soldiers
  105. ↑ "The Montserrat Constitution Order 2010". Government of Montserrat. Retrieved 15 July 2014.
  106. ↑ "Constitution of Montserrat Part I: Fundamental Rights & Freedoms". Government of Montserrat. Retrieved 15 July 2014.
  107. ↑ Puerto Rico to amend laws after US ruling on gay marriage
  108. ↑ "The Turks and Caicos Islands Constitution Order 2011" (PDF). Government of the Turks and Caicos Islands. Retrieved 15 July 2014.
  109. ↑ Ley 1004
  110. ↑ (Spanish) LEY Nº 3736 CONVIVENCIA HOMOSEXUAL
  111. ↑ Ley 26.994 CODIGO CIVIL Y COMERCIAL DE LA NACION
  112. ↑ Ley 26.618
  113. ↑ AG magazine (2 March 2009). "A New Argentina Overturns Gay Military Ban". Queerty. Retrieved 1 January 2010.
  114. ↑ Buscan replicar Ley de la Ciudad en la Nación
  115. ↑ Página12, 10 May 2012
  116. ↑ CONSTITUCIÓN POLÍTICA DEL ESTADO PLURINACIONAL DE BOLIVIA
  117. ↑
  118. ↑ "Constitución Política del Estado (CPE) (7-Febrero-2009)" (in Spanish). Infoleyes. Retrieved September 15, 2012.
  119. ↑ http://travel.state.gov/content/adoptionsabroad/en/country-information/learn-about-a-country/bolivia.html
  120. ↑ http://www.lanacion.cl/noticias/reportajes/mundo/militares-y-homosexualidad-los-avances-y-tabus-en-los-otros-paises-de-latinoamerica/2014-08-27/195542.html/
  121. ↑ http://www.confluenciafm.com.ar/vernota.asp?id_noticia=14939
  122. ↑ "Militares gay, entre la discriminación y la clandestinidad en FFAA de Bolivia" (in Spanish). Retrieved 2 September 2016.
  123. ↑ Bolivia Approves Progressive Law Recognizing Transgender Rights
  124. ↑ Constitución Política del Estado VIGENTE Bolivia
  125. ↑ http://www.la-razon.com/sociedad/primero-Latinoamerica-cambiar-nombre-sexo_0_1556844361.html
  126. ↑ http://www.paginasiete.bo/sociedad/2014/8/10/bolivia-seis-transexuales-lograron-cambiar-identidad-28989.html
  127. ↑
  128. ↑ http://www.stf.jus.br/portal/cms/verNoticiaDetalhe.asp?idConteudo=178931
  129. ↑ CNJ obriga cartórios de todo o país a celebrar casamento entre gays
  130. ↑ CNJ obriga cartórios a celebrar casamento entre homossexuais
  131. ↑ http://www.athosgls.com.br/noticias_visualiza.php?contcod=29208
  132. ↑ (Portuguese) Patricia Silva Gadelha (March 2006). "A prática da pederastia é crime militar". Jus Navigandi. Retrieved 10 September 2013.
  133. ↑ (Portuguese) Iara Bernardi (December 2010). "Projeto de Lei 122/2006". Retrieved 31 December 2010.
  134. ↑ Homosexuality is not deviant - Federal Council of Psychologists of Brazil (Portuguese)
  135. ↑ Psychiatrist Jairo Bouer talks about the "collateral effects" of "gay cure" bill (Portuguese)
  136. ↑ (Portuguese)Expresso da Notícia (13 January 2006). "Justiça autoriza alteração no registro de transexual que trocou de sexo". Jus Brasil. Retrieved 1 January 2010.
  137. ↑ (Portuguese) Expresso da Notícia (25 December 2005). "Justica autoriza mudança de sexo em documentos". Jus Brasil. Retrieved 1 January 2010.
  138. ↑ Changing name and sex in documentation – Brazilian Association of Trans Men (Portuguese)
  139. ↑ Ley 20830 CREA EL ACUERDO DE UNIÓN CIVIL
  140. ↑ http://www.cascaraamarga.es/politica-lgtb/lgtb-internacional/10299-el-proyecto-de-ley-de-matrimonio-igualitario-llega-al-parlamento-de-chile.html El proyecto de ley de matrimonio igualitario llega al parlamento de Chile]
  141. ↑ El proyecto de ley de matrimonio igualitario llega al parlamento de Chile
  142. ↑ (Spanish) Claudio Ortiz Lazo. "Reflexiones en torno a la homosexualidad y fuerzas armadas". Revista Fuerzas Armadas y Sociedad. Retrieved 21 April 2012.
  143. ↑ "Chile Congress passes anti-discrimination law". Jurist.org. 5 April 2012. Retrieved 29 June 2012.
  144. ↑ http://www.cooperativa.cl/noticias/pais/judicial/justicia-autorizo-primer-cambio-de-sexo-sin-necesidad-de-operacion-previa/2015-04-08/165825.html
  145. ↑ http://www.biobiochile.cl/2014/01/21/senado-aprueba-idea-de-legislar-proyecto-de-ley-de-identidad-de-genero.shtml
  146. ↑
  147. ↑ SENTENCIA C-075/07
  148. ↑ Histórico: parejas del mismo sexo podrán contraer matrimonio
  149. ↑ "Histórico fallo: Corte aprueba adopción de niña a compañera lesbiana de su madre biológica".(Spanish)
  150. ↑ Colombia High Court Rules for Adoptions by Same-Sex Couples
  151. ↑ "Este miércoles el presidente Santos sanciona ley antidiscriminación". ElTiempo.com. 29 November 2011. Retrieved 29 November 2011.(Spanish)
  152. ↑ http://www.elespectador.com/entrevista-de-cecilia-orozco/cambio-de-genero-cedula-sera-agil-y-simple-minjusticia-articulo-564988
  153. ↑ CONSTITUCIÓN DEL ECUADOR
  154. ↑ LEY REFORMATORIA AL CÓDIGO CIVIL
  155. ↑ (Spanish) Constituciones de 2008
  156. ↑ http://travel.state.gov/content/adoptionsabroad/en/country-information/learn-about-a-country/ecuador.html
  157. ↑ http://www.oas.org/en/iachr/media_center/PReleases/2015/043.asp
  158. ↑ Constitution of the Republic of Ecuador, Political Database of the Americas, 31 January 2011
  159. ↑ http://www.asambleanacional.gob.ec/es/system/files/ro_ley_organica_de_gestion_de_la_identidad_y_datos_civiles_ro_684_2do_supl_04-02-2015.pdf
  160. ↑ http://www.telesurtv.net/english/news/Ecuadorean-Lawmakers-Approve-New-Gender-Identity-Law-20151211-0001.html
  161. ↑ http://ebar.com/news/article.php?sec=news&article=69480
  162. 1 2 Family Law Review 2015 – Proposals for new policy development and legislation
  163. ↑ The Falkland Islands Constitution Order 2008
  164. ↑ Homosexuals can adopt, be foster parents, guardians – CPA Director
  165. ↑ http://www.thedailyherald.com/regional/2-news/33563-army-wont-discriminate-against-its-gay-soldiers-.html
  166. ↑ Constitución Nacional
  167. ↑ "Paraguay – Constitution". Retrieved 2010-10-15.
  168. ↑ http://www.paraguay.com/nacionales/presentan-nuevo-proyecto-de-ley-contra-discriminacion-136816
  169. ↑ Proyecto de Ley 03273/2013-CR
  170. ↑ "El Tribunal Constitucional de Perú considera que no se puede excluir de la Polícia o el Ejército a las personas homosexuales". Dos Manzanas. 13 December 2009. Retrieved 30 September 2010.
  171. ↑ (Spanish)"Peruvian Penal Code" (PDF). Retrieved 8 October 2015.
  172. ↑ http://www.as-coa.org/articles/explainer-lgbt-rights-latin-america-and-caribbean
  173. ↑ http://www.washingtonblade.com/2014/09/18/peru-uganda-lgbt-rights/#sthash.qiX6hWy8.dpuf
  174. ↑ "TC reconoce derecho de transexuales a pedir cambio de nombre y sexo en DNI". larepublica.pe (in Spanish). 8 November 2016.
  175. ↑ "Sex reassignment surgery in Peru". Streets of Lima. Retrieved 15 October 2015.
  176. ↑ Ley Nº 18.246 UNIÓN CONCUBINARIA
  177. ↑ http://archivo.presidencia.gub.uy/sci/leyes/2013/05/mec_913.pdf
  178. ↑ Reuters (9 September 2009). "Lawmakers in Uruguay Vote to Allow Gay Couples to Adopt". New York Times. Retrieved 1 January 2010.
  179. ↑ Rachel Weiner (15 May 2009). "Uruguay Lifts Ban On Gays In The Military". Huffington Post. Retrieved 1 January 2010.
  180. ↑ (Spanish) Congress of Uruguay (18 August 2004). "Ley N° 17.817". Retrieved 1 January 2010.
  181. ↑ Free Speech Radio News (11 December 2009). "Uruguay passes bill to allow citizens to choose gender identity". Retrieved 1 January 2010.
  182. ↑ "Venezuela activists petition for same-sex marriage". 31 January 2014. Retrieved 1 February 2014.
This article is issued from Wikipedia - version of the 9/13/2016. The text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share Alike but additional terms may apply for the media files.