List of National Historic Landmarks in Florida
The National Historic Landmarks in Florida are representations of a broad sweep of history from Pre-Columbian times, through the Second Seminole War and Civil War, and the Space Age. There are 46 National Historic Landmarks (NHLs) in Florida,[1] which are located in twenty-two of the state's sixty-seven counties. Sixteen of the NHLs in the state are significant examples of a particular architectural style, eleven have military significance, ten are archaeological sites, three were the homes of well-known American authors, and one is associated with the development of the U.S. Space Program.
Five sites are in state parks and managed by the Florida Department of Environmental Protection.[2]
Also included is a site determined eligible for National Historic Landmark status,[3] and a list of historical sites in Florida managed by the U.S. National Park Service which also have national significance.[4]
The National Historic Landmark program is administered by the National Park Service, a branch of the Department of the Interior. The National Park Service determines which properties meet NHL criteria and makes nomination recommendations after an owner notification process.[5] The Secretary of the Interior reviews nominations and, based on a set of predetermined criteria, makes a decision on NHL designation or a determination of eligibility for designation.[6] Both public and privately owned properties are designated as NHLs. This designation provides indirect, partial protection of the historic integrity of the properties, via tax incentives, grants, monitoring of threats, and other means.[5] Owners may object to the nomination of the property as a NHL. When this is the case the Secretary of the Interior can only designate a site as eligible for designation.[6]
NHLs are also included on the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP), which are historic properties that the National Park Service deems to be worthy of preservation. The primary difference between a NHL and a NRHP listing is that the NHLs are determined to have national significance, while other NRHP properties are deemed significant at the local or state level.[5] The NHLs in Florida comprise 2.6% of the approximately 1,600 properties and districts listed on the National Register of Historic Places in Florida.
Current NHLs
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Eligible National Historic Landmark
The following property was determined eligible for National Historic Landmark status, but did not become one.[53] It is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.
| Landmark name | Image | Date declared | Location | County | Description | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Hialeah Park Race Track |  |
January 11, 1988[3][54] | Hialeah[3][54] 25°50′46″N 80°16′37″W / 25.846°N 80.277°W |
Miami-Dade[3] | Built in 1921, the greyhound track is one of the oldest existing recreational facilities in southern Florida, and contributed to South Florida's popularity as a winter resort for the rich and famous. It became so well known for its flamingo flocks that it was officially designated a sanctuary for them by the Audubon Society.[3] |
Historic areas of the NPS in Florida
National Historic Sites, National Historical Parks, some National Monuments, and certain other areas listed in the National Park system are historic landmarks of national importance that are highly protected already, often before the inauguration of the NHL program in 1960, and are then often not also named NHLs per se. There are six of these in Florida. The National Park Service lists these six together with the NHLs in the state.[1]
| Landmark name[54][55] | Image | Date established[56] |
Location | County | Description[57] | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Castillo de San Marcos National Monument |  |
October 15, 1924 | St.Augustine | St. Johns | This fort was built in 1672-95 to protect early Spanish settlers. |
| 2 | De Soto National Memorial |  |
March 11, 1948 | west of Bradenton | Manatee | Commemorates the landing of Spanish explorer, Hernando de Soto in 1539. De Soto’s expedition was the first extensive exploration by Europeans of what is now the southern United States. |
| 3 | Dry Tortugas National Park |  |
January 4, 1935 | west of Key West in the Gulf of Mexico | Monroe | Protects several islands, associated coral reefs and marine life, and Fort Jefferson, a huge pre-Civil War masonry fort. The name “Tortugas” was given to these islands by Ponce de Leon in 1513, for the large numbers of sea turtles (“tortugas”) found in the area. |
| 4 | Fort Caroline National Memorial |  |
January 16, 1953 | Jacksonville | Duval | Commemorates the first French attempt to establish a settlement in the present United States. The fort model overlooks the original site of the French Juguenot colony of 1564-65. The French and Spanish began two centuries of colonial rivalry in North America here. |
| 5 | Fort Matanzas National Monument |  |
October 15, 1924 | south of St.Augustine | St. Johns | Built to protect Spanish settlers. Two hundred and forty-five Frenchmen who challenged Spanish dominion were killed by Spaniards here in 1565. The name Matanzas means “slaughters.” |
| 6 | Timucuan Ecological and Historic Preserve |  |
February 16, 1988 | Jacksonville | Duval | A partnership between the National Park Service and local government agencies to protect the wetlands, river systems, and historic sites within Duval County near Jacksonville, Florida. Kingsley Plantation, the oldest remaining plantation in Florida, is part of the preserve. |
See also
- History of Florida
- List of U.S. National Historic Landmarks by state
- National Register of Historic Places listings in Florida
References
- 1 2 National Park Service (June 2011). "National Historic Landmarks Survey: List of National Historic Landmarks by State" (PDF). Retrieved 2011-07-04..
- ↑ Florida Online Park Guide
- 1 2 3 4 5 "Hialeah Park Racetrack, Determined Eligible for Designation as a National Historic Landmark". National Historic Landmarks Program. National Park Service. Retrieved 2009-01-06.
- ↑ "Units in the National Park System" (PDF). National Park Service Office of Public Affairs. U.S. Department of the Interior. January 6, 2009. Retrieved 2009-01-06.
- 1 2 3 "National Historic Landmarks Program: Questions and Answers". National Historic Landmarks Program. National Park Service. Retrieved 2009-01-06.
- 1 2 "Title 36 of the Code of Federal Regulations, Part 65". US Government Printing Office. Retrieved 2009-01-06.
- ↑ Numbers represent an ordering by significant words. Various colorings, defined here, differentiate National Historic Landmarks and historic districts from other NRHP buildings, structures, sites or objects.
- ↑ The eight-digit number below each date is the number assigned to each location in the National Register Information System database, which can be viewed by clicking the number.
- ↑ "Mary McLeod Bethune Home". National Historic Landmark Program. National Park Service. Retrieved 2009-01-06.
- ↑ "Bok Tower Gardens (Historic Bok Sanctuary)". National Historic Landmark Program. National Park Service. Retrieved 2009-01-06.
- ↑ "British Fort". National Historic Landmark Program. National Park Service. Retrieved 2009-01-06.
- ↑ "Cathedral Of St. Augustine". National Historic Landmark Program. National Park Service. Retrieved 2009-01-06.
- ↑ "Crystal River Site". National Historic Landmark Program. National Park Service. Retrieved 2009-01-06.[
- ↑ "Dade Battlefield". National Historic Landmark Program. National Park Service. 2009-01-06.
- ↑ "El Centro Espanol De Tampa". National Historic Landmark Program. National Park Service. Retrieved 2009-01-06.
- ↑ "Ferdinand Magellan - U.S. Car No. 1". National Historic Landmark Program. National Park Service. Retrieved 2009-01-06.
- ↑ "Fort King Site". National Historic Landmark Program. National Park Service. Retrieved 2009-01-06.
- ↑ "Fort Mose Site". National Historic Landmark Program. National Park Service. 2009-01-06.
- ↑ "Fort San Carlos De Barrancas". National Historic Landmark Program. National Park Service. Retrieved 2009-01-06.
- ↑ "Fort San Marcos De Apalache". National Historic Landmark Program. National Park Service. Retrieved 2009-01-06.
- ↑ "Fort Walton Mound". National Historic Landmark Program. National Park Service. Retrieved 2009-01-06.
- ↑ "Fort Zachary Taylor". National Historic Landmark Program. National Park Service. Retrieved 2009-01-06.
- ↑ "Weekly List Of Actions Taken On Properties: 10/6/08 through 10/10/08". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. 2008-10-17.
- ↑ "National Historic Landmark Nomination - Freedom Tower" (PDF). National Historic Landmarks Program. National Park Service. Retrieved 2012-05-16.
- ↑ "Gonzalez-Alvarez House". National Historic Landmark Program. National Park Service. Retrieved 2009-01-06.
- ↑ "GOVERNOR STONE (Schooner)". National Historic Landmark Program. National Park Service. Retrieved 2009-01-06.
- ↑ "Hemingway, Ernest, House". National Historic Landmarks Program. Retrieved 2009-01-06.
- ↑ "Hotel Ponce de Leon". National Historic Landmark Program. National Park Service. Retrieved 2009-01-06.
- ↑ "Hurston, Zora Neale, House". National Historic Landmark Program. National Park Service. Retrieved 2009-01-06.
- ↑ "Llambias House". National Historic Landmark Program. National Park Service. 2014-09-30. Retrieved 2009-01-06.
- ↑ "Secretary Jewell, Director Jarvis Announce Nine New National Historic Landmarks Highlighting America's Diverse History and Culture". National Historic Landmark Program. U.S. Department of the Interior. Retrieved 2014-10-04.
- ↑ "MAPLE LEAF (Passenger Steamer) (Wreck)". National Historic Landmark Program. National Park Service. Retrieved 2009-01-06.
- ↑ "Mar-a-Lago". National Historic Landmark Program. National Park Service. Retrieved 2009-01-06.
- ↑ "Miami-Biltmore Hotel & Country Club". National Historic Landmark Program. National Park Service. Retrieved 2009-01-06.
- ↑ "Interior Secretary Kempthorne Designates 9 National Historic Landmarks in 9 States". Department of the Interior. 2009-01-16.
- ↑ "Mud Lake Canal". National Historic Landmark Program. National Park Service. Retrieved 2009-01-06.
- ↑ "Secretary Jewell, Director Jarvis Announce 10 New National Historic Landmarks Illustrating America's Diverse History, Culture". Department of the Interior. November 2, 2016. Retrieved 3 November 2016.
- ↑ "Okeechobee Battlefield". National Historic Landmark Program. National Park Service. Retrieved 2009-01-06.
- ↑ "Pelican Island National Wildlife Refuge". National Historic Landmark Program. National Park Service. Retrieved 2009-01-06.
- ↑ "Plaza Ferdinand VII". National Historic Landmark Program. National Park Service. Retrieved 2009-01-06.
- ↑ "Ponce de Leon Inlet Light Station". National Historic Landmark Program. National Park Service. Retrieved 2009-01-06.
- ↑ "Marjorie Kinnan Rawlings House and Farm Yard". National Historic Landmark Program. National Park Service. Retrieved 2009-01-06.
- ↑ "Safety Harbor Site". National Historic Landmark Program. National Park Service. Retrieved 2009-01-06.
- ↑ "San Luis De Talimali (formerly San Luis de Apalache)". National Historic Landmark Program. National Park Service. Retrieved 2009-01-06.
- ↑ "St. Augustine Town Plan Historic District". National Historic Landmark Program. National Park Service. Retrieved 2009-01-06.
- ↑ "Tampa Bay Hotel". National Historic Landmark Program. National Park Service. Retrieved 2009-01-06.
- ↑ "Vizcaya". National Historic Landmark Program. National Park Service. Retrieved 2009-01-06.
- ↑ "Whitehall (Henry M. Flagler House)". National Historic Landmark Program. National Park Service. Retrieved 2009-01-06.
- ↑ "Windover Archeological Site". National Historic Landmark Program. National Park Service. Retrieved 2009-01-06.
- ↑ "Ybor City Historic District". National Historic Landmark Program. National Park Service. Retrieved 2009-01-06.
- ↑ Jane Lee (2007-07-25). "Historic sports sites rarely take landmark status". USA Today. Retrieved 2009-01-06.
- 1 2 3 "Listing Of National Historic Landmarks By State" (PDF). National Historic Landmarks Program. National Park Service. Retrieved 2009-01-06.
- ↑ Scott, Kay W. (2004-05-01). Guide to the National Park Areas: Eastern States. National Park Guides (8th ed.). Globe Pequot. ISBN 978-0-7627-2988-3.
- ↑ "National Park System Birthdays". National Park Service History. National Park Service. Retrieved 8 January 2009.
- ↑ "Locating South Florida's National Parks" (PDF). National Park Service. Retrieved 8 January 2009.
External links
- National Historic Landmarks Program, at National Park Service
- National Park Service listings of National Historic Landmarks
- National Park Service (2010-07-09). "National Register Information System". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service.
