Magyar Autonomous Region

Magyar Autonomous Region
Regiunea Autonomă Maghiară
Magyar Autonóm Tartomány
Autonomous region of the People's Republic of Romania
1952–1968
Magyar Autonomous Region (1952–1960: yellow and brown)
Mureș-Magyar Autonomous Region (1960–1968: yellow and green).
Capital Târgu Mureș
History
 • Established 1952
 • Disestablished 1968
Today part of  Romania

The Magyar Autonomous Region[1][2][a] (1952-1960) (Romanian: Regiunea Autonomă Maghiară, Hungarian: Magyar Autonóm Tartomány) and Mureș-Magyar Autonomous Region (1960-1968) were autonomous regions in the People's Republic of Romania (later the Socialist Republic of Romania).

History

In 1950, Romania adopted a Soviet-style administrative and territorial division of the country into regions and raions (until then, Romania had been divided into judeţe or counties).

The Magyar Autonomous Region in Romania, in 1952-1960.

Two years later, in 1952, under Soviet pressure,[3][4] the number of regions was reduced and by comprising ten raions from the former Mureș Region and from the Stalin Region (both of them created in 1950), of the territory inhabited by a compact population of Székely Hungarians, a new region called the Magyar Autonomous Region was created.[5] According to the 1956 census, the total population of the region was 731,361, distributed among the ethnic groups as follows: Hungarians (77.3%), Romanians (20.1%), Roma (1.5%), Germans (0.4%) and Jews (0.4%). The official languages of the province were Hungarian and Romanian and the provincial administrative centre was Târgu Mureș (Marosvásárhely).

Its status laid out in the 1952 Constitution, the region encompassed about a third of Romania's Hungarians, the rest living either in more Romanian areas or along the border with Hungary, where an ethnic-based region might have stoked fears of irredentism and security concerns. In practice, the region's status differed in no way from that of the other seventeen regions and it did not enjoy autonomy of any kind – laws, decisions and directives from the centre were rendered compulsory by the very constitution that created it, and the State Council of the Autonomous Region was merely a façade. The Region's only distinguishing features were that most of its officials were Hungarian, the Hungarian language could be used in administration and the courts, and bilingual signs were put up on public buildings. Moreover, the specifically Hungarian wing of the Romanian Communist Party was abolished in 1953, ending any mechanism for defending of the Hungarian minority's collective rights.[6]

The regions of Peoples' Republic of Romania between 1960-1968.

In December 1960, a governmental decree modified the boundaries of the Magyar Autonomous Region. Its southern raions were reattached to Braşov Region (former Stalin Region) and in place of this, several raions were joined to it from the Cluj Region. The region was called the Mureș Region-Magyar Autonomous, after the Mureș River. The ratio of Hungarians was thus reduced from 77.3 percent to 62 percent.

Nicolae Ceauşescu and the Mureș-Magyar Autonomous Region delegation at the IXth Congress of the Romanian Communist Party in July 1965.

In 1968, the Great National Assembly put an end to the soviet style administrative division of the country into regions and re-introduced the historical judeţ (county) system, still used today. This also automatically eliminated the Mureș-Magyar Autonomous Region and replaced it with counties that are not identified with any nationality. The two new counties formed on the majority of the territory of former Mureș-Magyar Autonomous Region are Mureș and Harghita plus one from the former Magyar Autonomous Region until 1960 and part of the Braşov Region in 1968, Covasna.

In two of these counties, Harghita and Covasna, Hungarians form the majority of inhabitants. The Romanian law enables the usage of the language of an ethnic minority which forms at least 20% of the population of a municipality in relation with the administration, and the state provides education and public signage in the language of the respective ethnic minority.

Neighbors

East: Bacău and Bârlad Regions;
South: Stalin and Ploieşti Regions;
West: Cluj Region;
North: Suceava Region

East: Bacău Region;
South: Braşov Region;
West: Cluj Region;
North: Suceava region

See also

Notes

^ a. Also informal referred to in some publications as Hungarian Autonomous Region[7][8] or Mureș-Hungarian Autonomous Region[9][10]

References

  1. ↑ Amos Jenkins Peaslee (1956). Constitutions of Nations. Brill Archive. pp. 242–. GGKEY:39NB7E3H4ZX.
  2. ↑ Official Record of Conversation at digitalarchive.wilsoncenter.org
  3. ↑ Nicolae Edroiu, Vasile Pușcaș, The Hungarians of Romania, Fundaţia Culturalǎ Românǎ, 1996, p. 27
  4. ↑ Plural Societies, Volume 18, Foundation for the Study of Plural Societies., 1988, p. 71
  5. ↑ The Constitution of the Peoples' Republic of Romania, 1952 (Romanian)
  6. ↑ Deletant, Dennis, Ceauşescu and the Securitate: Coercion and Dissent in Romania, 1965-1989, pp. 109-110. M.E. Sharpe, London, 1995, ISBN 1-56324-633-3
  7. ↑ Rogers Brubaker, Nationalist Politics and Everyday Ethnicity in a Transylvanian Town, Princeton University Press, 2006, p. 82, ISBN 9780691128344
  8. ↑ Bernard A. Cook, Europe Since 1945: An Encyclopedia, Volume 2, Taylor & Francis, 2001, p. 1259, ISBN 9780815340584
  9. ↑ Constantin Iordachi, Transforming Peasants, Property and Power: The Collectivization of Agriculture in Romania, 1949-1962, Central European University Press, 2009, p. 229, ISBN 9789639776258
  10. ↑ R. J. Crampton, The Balkans Since the Second World War, Routledge, 2014, p. 186, ISBN 9781317891178
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