Penglai, Shandong

Penglai
蓬莱市
County-level city

Penglai City viewed from the Penglai Pavilion
Penglai

Location in Shandong

Coordinates: 37°49′N 120°44′E / 37.817°N 120.733°E / 37.817; 120.733Coordinates: 37°49′N 120°44′E / 37.817°N 120.733°E / 37.817; 120.733
Country People's Republic of China
Province Shandong
Prefecture-level city Yantai
Area
 • Total 1,128.5 km2 (435.7 sq mi)
Population (2003) 447,000
Time zone China Standard (UTC+8)
Postal code 265600
Area code(s) 0535
Website penglai.gov.cn
Penglai
Simplified Chinese 蓬莱
Traditional Chinese 蓬萊
Former names
Dengzhou
Chinese 登州
Postal Tengchow

Penglai, formerly known as Dengzhou or Tengchow,[lower-alpha 1] is a county-level city belonging to the prefecture-level city of Yantai, Shandong Province, in the People's Republic of China. It lies on the northwest corner of the Shandong Peninsula on the southern coast of the Gulf of Bohai. The city is famous for its mirages out at sea, which are frequent during May and June.

Geography

Penglai is entirely surrounded by other divisions of Yantai: Fushan District is to the east, Longkou City to the west, and Qixia City to the south. Its limits in geographic coordinates are 37° 25'–37° 50' N, 120° 35'–121° 09' E.

History

The Red Cliffs (丹崖) of the area are reputed to have been the site where the Eight Immortals set out for the land of the immortals and where the First Emperor (Shi Huangdi) later sent off five hundred boys and five hundred girls on ships to search for them. Chinese legends held that a mystic dolphin was seen from the cliffs above and, missing it with his spear, the emperor knew that his days were numbered. The Martial Emperor of Han (Han Wudi) later also visited the area while searching for the elixir of immortality.

The old city walls incorporate guard towers of three stories (rather than the usual two) because the uncle of the first emperor of the 6th-century Sui dynasty had been prince of the area.[3] Under the Ming, the harbor was fortified and used by the warjunks of the imperial navy.

Following the Second Opium War, Dengzhou became the first port opened to foreigners on the Shandong Peninsula in 1858.[1][4] Christian missions were quickly established.[4] The harbor was found inadequate for the traders, however, and Zhifu (now central Yantai) was developed 30 miles (48 km) away to function as Dengzhou's port.[1]

Administration

Penglai City Park

The city contains seven townships (镇), five subdistricts (街道), and three development zones (区):

Together, the three qu (zone, district, and area) co-exist with the coastal Xingang Subdistrict.

Economy

374,400 Penglai citizens work in agriculture, with the remaining 75,600 in various other sectors.

Tourism

Penglai Pavilion, a Song Dynasty complex ranked among the Four Great Towers of China in literary tradition

Penglai has been ranked by the Chinese government as a top domestic tourist destination.[5] Its Water Fortress (水城, Shuíchéng), a fortified harbor, is one of China's oldest military ports. It was built under the Ming in 1376[6] and housed a fleet of warjunks.[3] It is now a protected historical monument being renovated at a cost of 500m RMB (more than $60m). There is a plank walk along the cliffs nearby.

More than US$25 million has also been invested into developing the Penglai Pavilion and other sites. The Penglai Pavilion is a large park of ancient buildings, palaces and temples, that have been restored and rebuilt. It has been a tourist goal for more than a thousand years, and the site features inscriptions from famous poets and calligraphers like Su Shi and Dong Qichang. Among other cultural attractions of Penglai are the Naval Museum with exhibits of ancient ships and the restored residence of the famous patriotic general Qi Jiguang. Penglai also has the largest ocean aquarium in Asia. It includes a polar area, a shark hall, a tropical rainforest, and a theater with mermaids, dolphins and sea lions.[7] A picturesque festival takes place in January for the birthday of Tianhou, a local sea goddess.

While tourism is the mainstay of Penglai’s economy, bringing more than two million tourists annually, in fact the entire center of the town around the harbour was walled off and completely razed in 2006.[8]

Wine industry

The production of wine is the second largest industry in the province. Agriculture is first. However, in Penglai, tourism is the primary industry, and wine-making is second. The hills south of Penglai have an average elevation of 200 metres (660 ft), while the coastal areas are relatively flat. Most of the soil is loose, well-aerated, and rich in minerals and organic matters that enable full development of the root systems. The wineries are located mainly in the Nanwang Grape Valley and along the Yan-Peng Sightseeing Highway. The main varieties grown there, like Cabernet Sauvignon, Cabernet Gernischt, Merlot, Riesling and Chardonnay, are all reaching 20 years of age, considered to be the golden stage for these grapes. Most of them maintain an average sugar content of above 20%. The Cabernet is especially typical, with good color and a dense fragrance.

Notable residents

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ Other variant spellings include Tang-chow, Tang-chow-foo,[1] Têng-chow, and Têng-chow-fu.[2]

References

Citations

Bibliography

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