Rümmelsheim

Rümmelsheim

Coat of arms
Rümmelsheim

Coordinates: 49°56′04″N 07°51′43″E / 49.93444°N 7.86194°E / 49.93444; 7.86194Coordinates: 49°56′04″N 07°51′43″E / 49.93444°N 7.86194°E / 49.93444; 7.86194
Country Germany
State Rhineland-Palatinate
District Bad Kreuznach
Municipal assoc. Langenlonsheim
Government
 • Mayor Jürgen Gumbrich
Area
 • Total 3.08 km2 (1.19 sq mi)
Population (2015-12-31)[1]
 • Total 1,372
 • Density 450/km2 (1,200/sq mi)
Time zone CET/CEST (UTC+1/+2)
Postal codes 55452
Dialling codes 06721
Vehicle registration KH
Website www.ruemmelsheim-burg-layen.de

Rümmelsheim is an Ortsgemeinde – a municipality belonging to a Verbandsgemeinde, a kind of collective municipality – in the Bad Kreuznach district in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It belongs to the Verbandsgemeinde of Langenlonsheim, whose seat is in the like-named municipality. Rümmelsheim is a winegrowing village.

Geography

Location

Rümmelsheim lies southwest of Bingen am Rhein and northnorthwest of Bad Kreuznach in the Trollbach valley, west of the Nahe, just upstream from where it empties into the Rhine. The Trollbach itself flows through the village.

Neighbouring municipalities

Clockwise from the north, Rümmelsheim’s neighbours are the municipalities of Münster-Sarmsheim, Dorsheim, Waldlaubersheim and Waldalgesheim, the first and last of which lie in the neighbouring Mainz-Bingen district, while the other two likewise lie within the Bad Kreuznach district. Rümmelsheim (Bad Kreuznach district) also comes within several metres of Langenlonsheim, but does not actually touch it, while the village of Weiler bei Bingen (Mainz-Bingen district) lies roughly as far away to the north as the village of Münster-Sarmsheim does to the northeast, but Münster-Sarmsheim’s municipal area lies between the two.

Constituent communities

Rümmelsheim’s Ortsteile are the main centre, also called Rümmelsheim, and the outlying centre of Burg Layen.[2]

History

Rümmelsheim and Burg Layen have been bound to each other throughout the ages. In 1125, Rümmelsheim had its first documentary mention as Rimilisheim. Rimilisheim and the castro Leiga (“fortified house of Layen”) then belonged, together with feudal landholds in Waldlaubersheim, Genheim, Roth, Schweppenhausen and Eckenroth to the Lords of Bolanden. Lesser landholds in Rümmelsheim were held by the Knights of Stein, Löwenstein, Weierbach and Dalberg. Without doubt, Castle Layen’s task was to keep watch over the road that ran by, through the Trollbach valley to the bizarre crag formations up on the heights. The castle’s name stems from its standing on a Lay, that is to say, stone (the same word element can still be seen today in “Loreley”). Built in the 12th century and reconstructed about 1680, remnants of the castle still stand today. The village of Rümmelsheim was at this time, as were Laubenheim and Heddesheim too, bound with the town of Bingen by a mutual support agreement. In 1772, Rümmelsheim passed by way of sale to the Lordship of Bretzenheim. In the time of French rule (1796-1814), Rümmelsheim belonged beginning in 1800 to the Mairie (later Bürgermeisterei, but in either case “Mayoralty”) of Waldalgesheim, whose seat was in 1870 moved to Bingerbrück. At this time, Rümmelsheim had 420 inhabitants. In the course of administrative restructuring in Rhineland-Palatinate, Rümmelsheim passed to the Verbandsgemeinde of Langenlonsheim in 1970.[3]

Jewish history

Rümmelsheim had a Jewish community until 1906. It arose in the early 19th century. As far back as the 16th century, though, there were Jews living in the village. In 1548, a man named Mosse von Rimelsheim had his name included on a protection money list. However, no further record of Jews in Rümmelsheim crops up until the 19th century. In the 19th century, the number of Jewish inhabitants developed as follows: in 1808, there were 31 (of all together 405 inhabitants); in 1843, 48 (of 654); in 1848, 48 (in 9 families); in 1858, 45 (of 743); in 1885, 29 (of 896). In 1823, the Jewish families living in Waldalgesheim and Weiler bei Bingen were assigned to the Rümmelsheim Jewish community. Until then, the Jews in Waldalgesheim had felt more like part of the Schweppenhausen synagogue congregation, while the ones in Weiler had felt the same way about belonging to the congregation in Bingen. Until 1892, the Jewish families living in Bingerbrück also belonged to the Rümmelsheim Jewish community. Living in Waldalgesheim in 1823 were 8 Jews, and by 1843 it was 9 (of all together 860 inhabitants). In 1848, it was 8 again (Families Simon Stern and Schlachter), in 1858 it was 5 (of 915) and in 1885, 11 (of 1,230). Living in Weiler in 1823 were 5 Jews, and by 1843 it was 24 (of all together 884 inhabitants). In 1848, it was 12 (in 3 families), in 1858 it was 6 (of 1,033) and in 1885, 2 (of 1,394). In 1850, the following Jewish families were living in the three villages: in Rümmelsheim: Mathias Marx, David Marx, Mathias Marx, Coppel Mayer, Jacob Stern, Sebastian Stern, Raphael Stern, Servatius Stern, Joseph Stern, Joseph Marx and Carl Wohlgemuth; in Waldalgesheim: Simon Stern; in Weiler: Joseph Berg and Wendel Berg. In the way of institutions, there were a synagogue (see Synagogue below), a Jewish religious school and a graveyard in Rümmelsheim where Jews from both Rümmelsheim and Waldalgesheim were buried (see Jewish graveyard below); the Jews in Weiler had their own graveyard. To provide for the community’s religious needs, a schoolteacher was hired, who also busied himself as the hazzan and the shochet. The Jews in Weiler also availed themselves of his services, for they could not afford their own. In 1848, Carl Wohlgemuth was working as an “unpaid cantor”. He was at the same time the synagogue head, but had to take his leave in 1852 on health grounds. His successor was Raphael Stern. A few years later, the synagogue head was Ferdinand Stern, and beginning in 1885, Elias Stern. Towards the end of the 19th century, most of the Jewish families moved away from the village, and in 1906, the Rümmelsheim Jewish community was dissolved. The last member of the former Jewish community moved to Bingen in 1918. In 1925, no more Jewish inhabitants were being counted in Rümmelsheim. Still living in Waldalgesheim were master butcher Sally Stern’s and tradesman Willy Hessel’s families, while Simon Berg’s family still lived in Weiler. The first two managed to emigrate to the United States. Simon Berg, then living in Bingen, and his daughter Lilly, then living in Friedberg, were both deported to the camps. According to the Gedenkbuch – Opfer der Verfolgung der Juden unter der nationalsozialistischen Gewaltherrschaft in Deutschland 1933-1945 (“Memorial Book – Victims of the Persecution of the Jews under National Socialist Tyranny”) and Yad Vashem, of all Jews who either were born in Rümmelsheim, Waldalgesheim or Weiler bei Bingen or lived there for a long time, 16 died in the time of the Third Reich (birthdates in brackets):[4]

  1. Hedwig Eis née Stern (1879)
  2. Lina Goldschmidt née Stern (1888)
  3. Eugenie Marx née Marx (1881)
  4. Leo Marx (1886)
  5. Heinrich Stern (1888)
  6. Rudolf Stern (1876)
  7. Bertha Wetzler née Stern (1875)
  8. Selma Zacharias née Grünewald (1888)
  1. Isabella Kaufmann née Stern (1881)
  2. Dina Müller née Stern (1870)
  3. August Adolf Stern (1877)
  4. Julius Stern (1883)
  1. Simon Berg (1869)
  2. Isabella Kahn née Berg (1898)
  3. Luisa Kann née Berg (1864)
  4. Lilly Löwenthal née Berg (1902)

Population development

Rümmelsheim’s population development since Napoleonic times is shown in the table below. The figures for the years from 1871 to 1987 are drawn from census data:[5]

Year Inhabitants
1815 453
1835 730
1871 807
1905 879
1939 860
Year Inhabitants
1950 977
1961 963
1970 1,013
1987 1,063
2005 1,428

Religion

As at 31 January 2014, there are 1,376 full-time residents in Rümmelsheim, and of those, 343 are Evangelical (24.927%), 735 are Catholic (53.416%), 2 are Lutheran (0.145%), 1 belongs to the New Apostolic Church (0.073%), 15 (1.09%) belong to other religious groups and 280 (20.349%) either have no religion or will not reveal their religious affiliation.[6]

Politics

Municipal council

The council is made up of 16 council members, who were elected by proportional representation at the municipal election held on 7 June 2009, and the honorary mayor as chairman. The municipal election held on 7 June 2009 yielded the following results:[7]

  SPD CDU FWG Total
2009 – 6 10 16 seats
2004 3 8 5 16 seats

Mayor

Rümmelsheim’s mayor is Jürgen Gumbrich, and his deputies are Friedbert Gohres and Jens Eckes.[8]

Coat of arms

The municipality’s arms might be described thus: Per pale Or a cross Patriarchal mounted on one degree azure and sable in chief a chevron argent under which a bunch of grapes slipped of the first.

Culture and sightseeing

Buildings

The following are listed buildings or sites in Rhineland-Palatinate’s Directory of Cultural Monuments:[9]

Rümmelsheim (main centre)

Burg Layen

Synagogue

In Rümmelsheim, the synagogue is believed to have been built in 1808, although by 1848 it had fallen into a very poor state. According to Waldalgesheim’s then mayor, the house of worship was a “cabin on the point of falling down”. This might also have been why the Jews living in Waldalgesheim began attending synagogue in Schweppenhausen and those living in Weiler bei Bingen began attending synagogue in Bingen. In 1852, the Rümmelsheim synagogue was renovated. It was closed permanently no later than the time when the Rümmelsheim Jewish community was dissolved in 1906. In the 1920s, after the lasst Jews had left Rümmelsheim, Moritz Marx (formerly living in Rümmelsheim, now in Bingen) worried about the synagogue, which had now been left to go to ruin. It became a storehouse for equipment, automotive supplies and chemical fertilizers, and was falling ever further into disrepair. In August 1928, Bingen lawyer Richard Strauss acquired trusteeship over the former Rümmelsheim synagogue community’s property. In March 1929, he arranged the synagogue’s sale, which was completed in December 1930. In 1931, the former synagogue building was torn down. Its location was the street An der Bach (a name that no longer appears on maps).[11]

Jewish graveyard

Rümmelsheim’s Jewish graveyard was laid out no later than 1808. Laid to rest here were not only Jewish inhabitants from Rümmelsheim but also those from Waldalgesheim. Only six gravestones, in varying states of preservation, still stand at the graveyard. Of these, only one is still fully legible (the stone for Wolfgang Stern, 1844-1913). The graveyard’s area is 975 m² spread over two parcels of 790 m² and 185 m². The graveyard lands were not sold off in the time of the Third Reich. Even in 1958, the Rümmelsheim cadastral register still listed the Rümmelsheim synagogue community, which had ceased to exist more than half a century earlier, as the owner of those parcels. The graveyard lies 2 km northwest of the village in the woodland known as Horet, not far from the Waldlaubersheim Jewish graveyard.[12]

Economy and infrastructure

Transport

Running through Rümmelsheim’s southern outskirts is the Autobahn A 61 (Koblenz–Ludwigshafen), although the nearest interchange is in neighbouring Dorsheim 1 km away (Interchange 48, Rümmelsheim/Dorsheim). Roughly parallelling the Autobahn is Kreisstraße 41 and running through the village itself is Kreisstraße 43. There are also bus services, one that runs (mostly) hourly to railway stations in Münster-Sarmsheim (Regionalbahn) and Bingen (regional and national) and another to Bad Kreuznach. Also serving nearby Laubenheim is a railway station on the Nahe Valley Railway (Bingen–Saarbrücken) with hourly connections in both directions, with Bingen (Rhein) Hauptbahnhof and Bad Kreuznach station both lying less than 10 km away. Frankfurt Airport and Frankfurt-Hahn Airport can each be reached by highway in roughly 45 minutes.

Winegrowing

Rümmelsheim belongs to the Nahetal Winegrowing Area within the Nahe wine region. Eighteen winegrowing operations are active within the municipality, and the area planted with vineyards is 114 ha. Some 77% of the wine grown here is white wine varieties (as at 2007). In 1979, there were still 45 active winegrowing operations, and the area planted with vineyards was almost twice what it is now at 216 ha.[5] The following wineries (Weingüter) can be found in Rümmelsheim (those marked with an asterisk also run a Strausswirtschaft or Gutsausschank):[13]

Established businesses

Winegrowing is the municipality’s foremost income earner, and besides that, there are some smaller businesses, mostly in the service sector. Rümmelsheim’s outlying centre of Burg Layen is also home to WIV Wein International, a wine marketing company, whose turnover in 2012 was €540,600,000.[14]

Education

Rümmelsheim has an all-day daycare centre and an all-day primary school. Higher schools and training centres must be sought out in the surrounding area in Bingen, Bad Kreuznach, Hargesheim and Stromberg.

Famous people

Sons and daughters of the town

References

  1. ↑ "Gemeinden in Deutschland mit Bevölkerung am 31. Dezember 2015" (PDF). Statistisches Bundesamt (in German). 2016.
  2. ↑ Statistisches Landesamt Rheinland-Pfalz – Amtliches Verzeichnis der Gemeinden und Gemeindeteile, Seite 15 (PDF; 2,3 MB)
  3. ↑ History
  4. ↑ Jewish history
  5. 1 2 Statistisches Landesamt Rheinland-Pfalz – Regionaldaten
  6. ↑ Religion
  7. ↑ Der Landeswahlleiter Rheinland-Pfalz: Kommunalwahl 2009, Stadt- und Gemeinderatswahlen
  8. ↑ Rümmelsheim’s executive
  9. ↑ Directory of Cultural Monuments in Bad Kreuznach district
  10. 1 2 Landkreis Bad Kreuznach: Inhaltsverzeichnis des Kreisrechtes, abgerufen am 31. Oktober 2011
  11. ↑ Synagogue
  12. ↑ Jewish graveyard
  13. ↑ Winegrowing
  14. ↑ WIV Wein International
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