List of Soviet manned space missions
This is a list of the manned space missions conducted by the Soviet space programme. These missions belong to the Vostok, Voskhod, and Soyuz space programs.
Vostok program
Mission | Patch | Launch | Duration | Landing | Pilot | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Vostok 1 | 12 April 1961 | 1 h 48 m | 12 April 1961 | Yuri Gagarin | First man in space; first manned orbital flight.[1] | |
Vostok 2 | 6 August 1961 | 1 d 1 h 18 m | 7 August 1961 | Gherman Titov | First full day in space.[2] | |
Vostok 3 | 11 August 1962 | 3 d 22 h 22 m | 15 August 1962 | Andriyan Nikolayev | First simultaneous flight of two manned spacecraft.[3] | |
Vostok 4 | 12 August 1962 | 2 d 22 h 56 m | 15 August 1962 | Pavel Popovich | First simultaneous flight of two manned spacecraft.[4] | |
Vostok 5 | 14 June 1963 | 4 d 23 h 7 m | 19 June 1963 | Valery Bykovsky | Longest solo orbital flight.[5] | |
Vostok 6 | 16 June 1963 | 2 d 22 h 50 m | 19 June 1963 | Valentina Tereshkova | First woman in space.[6] |
Voskhod program
Mission | Patch | Launch | Duration | Landing | Crew | Notes | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Voskhod 1 | 12 October 1964 | 1 d 0 h 17 m 3 s | 13 October 1964 | Vladimir Komarov | Konstantin Feoktistov | Boris Yegorov | First spacecraft to carry a crew. | |
Voskhod 2 | 18 March 1965 | 1 d 2 h 2 m 17 s | 19 March 1965 | Pavel Belyayev | Alexey Leonov | First walk in space. |
Soyuz program
1967–1971
Mission | Patch | Launch | Duration | Landing | Crew | Notes | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Soyuz 1 | 23 April 1967 | 1 d 2 h 47 m 52 s | 24 April 1967 | V. Komarov | Cosmonaut died in crash-landing. | |||
Soyuz 3 | 26 October 1968 | 3 d 22 h 50 m 45 s | 30 October 1968 | G. Beregovoy | Rendezvous with unmanned Soyuz 2, failed docking. | |||
Soyuz 4 | 14 January 1969 | 2 d 23 h 20 m 47 s | 17 January 1969 | V. Shatalov | A. Yeliseyev landing | Ye. Khrunov landing | Docked with Soyuz 5. Crew transfer. | |
Soyuz 5 | 15 January 1969 | 3 d 0 h 54 m 15 s | 18 January 1969 | B. Volynov | A. Yeliseyev launch | Ye. Khrunov launch | Docked with Soyuz 4. Crew transfer. | |
Soyuz 6 | 11 October 1969 | 4 d 22 h 42 m 47 s | 16 October 1969 | G. Shonin | V. Kubasov | Joint mission with Soyuz 7 & 8. | ||
Soyuz 7 | 12 October 1969 | 4 d 22 h 40 m 23 s | 17 October 1969 | A. Filipchenko | V. Volkov | V. Gorbatko | Joint mission with Soyuz 6 & 8. | |
Soyuz 8 | 13 October 1969 | 4 d 22 h 50 m 49 s | 18 October 1969 | V. Shatalov | A. Yeliseyev | Joint mission with Soyuz 6 & 7. | ||
Soyuz 9 | 1 June 1970 | 17 d 16 h 58 m 55 s | 19 June 1970 | A. Nikolayev | V. Sevastyanov | Cosmonaut endurance test. | ||
Soyuz 10 | 23 April 1971 | 1 d 23 h 44 m 54 s | 25 April 1971 | V. Shatalov | A. Yeliseyev | N. Rukavishnikov | Failed to dock with Salyut 1. | |
Soyuz 11 | 6 June 1971 | 23 d 18 h 21 m 43 s | 30 June 1971 | G. Dobrovolsky | V. Patsayev | V. Volkov | Visited Salyut 1. All cosmonauts aboard died in reentry from asphyxiation. |
1973–1980
Mission | Patch | Launch | Duration | Landing | Crew | Notes | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Soyuz 12 | 27 September 1973 | 1 d 23 h 15 m 32 s | 29 September 1973 | V. Lazarev | O. Makarov | Test of redesigned two-person Soyuz craft. | |
Soyuz 13 | 18 December 1973 | 7 d 20 h 55 m 35 s | 26 December 1973 | V. Lebedev | P. Klimuk | Carried Orion 2 Space Observatory. | |
Soyuz 14 | 3 July 1974 | 15 d 17 h 30 m 28 s | 19 July 1974 | Yu. Artyukhin | P. Popovich | Visited Salyut 3. | |
Soyuz 15 | 26 August 1974 | 2 d 0 h 12 m 11 s | 28 August 1974 | L. Dyomin | G. Sarafanov | Failed to dock with Salyut 3. | |
Soyuz 16 | 2 December 1974 | 5 d 22 h 23 m 35 s | 8 December 1974 | A. Filipchenko | N. Rukavishnikov | Test of redesigned Soyuz craft. | |
Soyuz 17 | 11 January 1975 | 29 d 13 h 19 m 45 s | 10 February 1975 | G. Grechko | A. Gubarev | Visited Salyut 4 (1). | |
Soyuz 18a | 5 April 1975 | 0 d 0 h 21 m 27 s | 5 April 1975 | V. Lazarev | O. Makarov | Launch failure, did not reach Salyut 4. | |
Soyuz 18 | 24 May 1975 | 62 d 23 h 20 m 8 s | 26 July 1975 | P. Klimuk | V. Sevastyanov | Visited Salyut 4 (2). | |
Soyuz 19 | 15 July 1975 | 5 d 22 h 31 m | 21 July 1975 | A. Leonov | V. Kubasov | Apollo-Soyuz Test Project: first docking with American spacecraft | |
Soyuz 21 | 6 July 1976 | 49 d 6 h 23 m 32 s | 24 August 1976 | B. Volynov | V. Zholobov | Visited Salyut 5 (1), departed early. | |
Soyuz 22 | 15 September 1976 | 7 d 21 h 52 m 17 s | 23 September 1976 | V. Bykovsky | V. Aksyonov | Earth imaging mission – as of 2015 last flight of a Soyuz spacecraft not targeted for a space station. | |
Soyuz 23 | 14 October 1976 | 2 d 0 h 6 m 35 s | 16 October 1976 | V. Zudov | V. Rozhdestvensky | Failed to dock with Salyut 5. Near-disastrous landing in icy lake. | |
Soyuz 24 | 7 February 1977 | 17 d 17 h 26 m 0 s | 25 February 1977 | V. Gorbatko | Yu. Glazkov | Visited Salyut 5 (2). | |
Soyuz 25 | 9 October 1977 | 2 d 0 h 44 m 45 s | 11 October 1977 | V. Kovalyonok | V. Ryumin | Failed to dock with Salyut 6. | |
Soyuz 26 | 10 December 1977 | 37 d 10 h 6 m 18 s | 16 January 1978 | G. Grechko launch V. Dzhanibekov landing | Yu. Romanenko launch O. Makarov landing | Visited Salyut 6 (1); returned with crew of Soyuz 27. | |
Soyuz 27 | 10 January 1978 | 64 d 22 h 52 m 47 s | 16 March 1978 | V. Dzhanibekov launch G. Grechko landing | O. Makarov launch Yu. Romanenko landing | Visited Salyut 6 (2); returned with crew of Soyuz 26. | |
Soyuz 28 | 2 March 1978 | 7 d 22 h 17 m 0 s | 10 March 1978 | A. Gubarev | V. Remek | Visited Salyut 6 (3). | |
Soyuz 29 | 15 June 1978 | 79 d 15 h 23 m 0 s | 3 September 1978 | V. Kovalyonok launch V. Bykovsky landing | A. Ivanchenkov launch S. Jähn landing | Visited Salyut 6 (4); returned with crew of Soyuz 31. | |
Soyuz 30 | 27 June 1978 | 7 d 22 h 2 m 59 s | 5 July 1978 | P. Klimuk | M. Hermaszewski | Visited Salyut 6 (5). | |
Soyuz 31 | 26 August 1978 | 67 d 20 h 12 m 47 s | 2 November 1978 | V. Bykovsky launch V. Kovalyonok landing | S. Jähn launch A. Ivanchenkov landing | Visited Salyut 6 (6); returned with crew of Soyuz 29. | |
Soyuz 32 | 25 February 1979 | 108 d 4 h 24 m 37 s | 13 June 1979 | V. Lyakhov launch | V. Ryumin launch | Visited Salyut 6 (7). Vehicle returned without crew. | |
Soyuz 33 | 10 April 1979 | 1 d 23 h 1 m 6 s | 12 April 1979 | N. Rukavishnikov | G. Ivanov | Failed to dock with Salyut 6. | |
Soyuz 34 | 6 June 1979 | 73 d 18 h 16 m 45 s | 19 August 1979 | V. Lyakhov landing | V. Ryumin landing | Launched unmanned to Salyut 6, returned with crew of Soyuz 32. | |
Soyuz 35 | 9 April 1980 | 55 d 1 h 28 m 1 s | 3 June 1980 | L. Popov launch V. Kubasov landing | V. Ryumin launch B. Farkas landing | Visited Salyut 6 (8); returned with crew of Soyuz 36. | |
Soyuz 36 | 26 May 1980 | 65 d 20 h 54 m 23 s | 31 July 1980 | V. Kubasov launch V. Gorbatko landing | B. Farkas launch T. Phạm landing | Visited Salyut 6 (9); returned crew of Soyuz 37. | |
Soyuz T-2 | 5 June 1980 | 3 d 22 h 19 m 30 s | 9 June 1980 | V. Aksyonov | Yu. Malyshev | Visited Salyut 6 (10); test of new model Soyuz spacecraft. | |
Soyuz 37 | 23 July 1980 | 79 d 15 h 16 m 54 s | 11 October 1980 | V. Gorbatko launch L. Popov landing | T. Phạm launch V. Ryumin landing | Visited Salyut 6 (11); returned crew of Soyuz 35. | |
Soyuz 38 | 18 September 1980 | 7 d 20 h 43 m 24 s | 26 September 1980 | Yu. Romanenko | A. Tamayo | Visited Salyut 6 (12). |
1980–1986
Order | Patch | Mission | Launch | Duration | Landing | Crew | Notes | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
39 | Soyuz T-3 | 27 November 1980 | 12 d 19 h 7 m 42 s | 10 December 1980 | L. Kizim | O. Makarov | G. Strekalov | Visited Salyut 6 (13). Test of first 3-seat Soyuz since 1971. | |
40 | Soyuz T-4 | 12 March 1981 | 74 d 17 h 37 m 23 s | 26 May 1981 | V. Kovalyonok | V. Savinykh | Visited Salyut 6 (14). | ||
41 | Soyuz 39 | 22 March 1981 | 7 d 20 h 42 m 3 s | 30 March 1981 | V. Dzhanibekov | Jügderdemidiin Gürragchaa | Visited Salyut 6 (15). | ||
42 | Soyuz 40 | 14 May 1981 | 7 d 20 h 41 m 52 s | 22 May 1981 | L. Popov | D. Prunariu | Visited Salyut 6 (16). | ||
43 | Soyuz T-5 | 13 May 1982 | 106 d 5 h 6 m 11 s | 27 August 1982 | A. Berezovoy launch L. Popov landing | V. Lebedev launch A. Serebrov landing | S. Savitskaya landing | Visited Salyut 7 (1). Returned crew of Soyuz T-7. | |
44 | Soyuz T-6 | 24 June 1982 | 7 d 21 h 50 m 52 s | 2 July 1982 | V. Dzhanibekov | A. Ivanchenkov | J.-L. Chrétien | Visited Salyut 7 (2). | |
45 | Soyuz T-7 | 19 August 1982 | 113 d 1 h 50 m 44 s | 10 December 1982 | L. Popov launch A. Berezovoy landing | A. Serebrov launch V. Lebedev landing | S. Savitskaya launch | Visited Salyut 7 (3), returned crew of Soyuz T-5. Second woman in space. | |
46 | Soyuz T-8 | 20 April 1983 | 2 d 0 h 17 m 48 s | 22 April 1983 | V. Titov | G. Strekalov | A. Serebrov | Failed to dock with Salyut 7. | |
47 | Soyuz T-9 | 27 June 1983 | 149 d 10 h 45 m 0 s | 23 November 1983 | V. Lyakhov | A. Aleksandrov | Visited Salyut 7 (4). | ||
48 | Soyuz T-10-1 | 26 September 1983 | 5 m 13 s | 26 September 1983 | V. Titov | G. Strekalov | Rocket exploded before launch; crew capsule removed by escape system. | ||
49 | Soyuz T-10 | 8 February 1984 | 62 d 22 h 41 m 22 s | 11 April 1984 | L. Kizim launch Yu. Malyshev landing | V. Solovyov launch G. Strekalov landing | O. Atkov launch R. Sharma landing | Visited Salyut 7 (5). Returned crew of Soyuz T-11. | |
50 | Soyuz T-11 | 3 April 1984 | 181 d 21 h 48 m 0 s | 2 October 1984 | Yu. Malyshev launch L. Kizim landing | G. Strekalov launch V. Solovyov landing | R. Sharma launch O. Atkov landing | Visited Salyut 7 (6). Returned crew of Soyuz T-10. | |
51 | Soyuz T-12 | 17 July 1984 | 11 d 19 h 14 m 36 s | 29 July 1984 | V. Dzhanibekov | S. Savitskaya | I. Volk | Visited Salyut 7 (7). | |
52 | Soyuz T-13 | 6 June 1985 | 112 d 3 h 12 m 0 s | 26 September 1985 | V. Dzhanibekov | V. Savinykh launch G. Grechko landing | Visited and reactivated Salyut 7 (8). Exchanged crew member with Soyuz T-14. | ||
53 | Soyuz T-14 | 17 September 1985 | 64 d 21 h 52 m 8 s | 21 November 1985 | V. Vasyutin | A. Volkov | G. Grechko launch V. Savinykh landing | Visited Salyut 7 (9). Exchanged crew member with Soyuz T-13. Mission ended early due to Vasyutin's illness. | |
54 | Soyuz T-15 | 13 March 1986 | 125 d 0 h 0 m 56 s | 16 July 1986 | L. Kizim | V. Solovyov | Visited Mir (1) and Salyut 7 (10). |
1987–1991
Order | Patch | Mission | Launch | Duration | Landing | Crew | Notes | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
55 | Soyuz TM-2 | 5 February 1987 | 174 d 3 h 25 m 56 s | 30 July 1987 | Yu. Romanenko launch A. Viktorenko landing | A. Laveykin | M. Faris landing | Visited Mir (2). Returned crew from Soyuz TM-3. | |
56 | Soyuz TM-3 | 22 July 1987 | 160 d 7 h 25 m 56 s | 29 December 1987 | A. Viktorenko launch Yu. Romanenko landing | A. Aleksandrov | M. Faris launch A. Levchenko landing | Visited Mir (3). Returned crew from Soyuz TM-2 and TM-4. | |
57 | Soyuz TM-4 | 21 December 1987 | 178 d 22 h 54 m 29 s | 17 June 1988 | V. Titov launch A. Solovyev landing | M. Manarov launch V. Savinykh landing | A. Levchenko launch A. Aleksandrov landing | Visited Mir (4). Returned crew from Soyuz TM-5. | |
58 | Soyuz TM-5 | 7 June 1988 | 91 d 10 h 46 m 25 s | 7 September 1988 | A. Solovyev launch V. Lyakhov landing | V. Savinykh launch | A. Aleksandrov launch A. Mohmand landing | Visited Mir (5). Returned crew from Soyuz TM-6. Difficulties with rocket firing to leave orbit. | |
59 | Soyuz TM-6 | 29 August 1988 | 114 d 5 h 33 m 49 s | 21 December 1988 | V. Lyakhov launch V. Titov landing | V. Polyakov launch M. Manarov landing | A. Mohmand launch J.-L. Chrétien landing | Visited Mir (6). Returned crew from Soyuz TM-4 and TM-7 | |
60 | Soyuz TM-7 | 26 November 1988 | 151 d 11 h 8 m 24 s | 27 April 1989 | A. Volkov | S. Krikalev | J.-L. Chrétien launch V. Polyakov landing | Visited Mir (7). Returned cosmonaut from Soyuz TM-6. | |
61 | Soyuz TM-8 | 5 September 1989 | 166 d 6 h 58 m 15 s | 19 February 1990 | A. Viktorenko | A. Serebrov | Visited Mir (8). | ||
62 | Soyuz TM-9 | 11 February 1990 | 179 d 1 h 17 m 57 s | 9 August 1990 | A. Solovyev | A. Balandin | Visited Mir (9). | ||
63 | Soyuz TM-10 | 1 August 1990 | 130 d 20 h 35 m 51 s | 10 December 1990 | G. Manakov | G. Strekalov | T. Akiyama1 landing | Visited Mir (10). Returned cosmonaut from Soyuz TM-11. | |
64 | Soyuz TM-11 | 2 December 1990 | 175 d 1 h 50 m 41 s | 26 May 1991 | V. Afanasyev | M. Manarov | T. Akiyama1 launch H. Sharman1 landing | Visited Mir (11). Returned cosmonaut from Soyuz TM-12. | |
65 | Soyuz TM-12 | 18 May 1991 | 144 d 15 h 21 m 50 s | 10 October 1991 | A. Artsebarsky | S. Krikalev launch T. Aubakirov landing | H. Sharman1 launch F. Viehböck landing | Visited Mir (12). Returned crew from Soyuz TM-13. | |
66 | Soyuz TM-13 | 2 October 1991 | 175 d 2 h 51 m 44 s | 25 March 1992 | A. Volkov | T. Aubakirov launch S. Krikalev landing | F. Viehböck launch K.-D. Flade landing | Visited Mir (13). Returned cosmonaut from Soyuz TM-14. The Soviet Union had dissolved by the time the craft returned to earth. |
For subsequent Soyuz missions conducted by the Russian Federal Space Agency, see List of Russian manned space missions.
Notes
1 Commercially-funded cosmonaut or other "spaceflight participant".
See also
- List of Progress flights, with all flights of the Progress resupply craft that is based on the Soyuz spacecraft
References
- ↑ "Vostok 1". Encyclopedia Astronautica. Retrieved 2015-11-27.
- ↑ "Vostok 2". Encyclopedia Astronautica. Retrieved 2015-11-27.
- ↑ "Vostok 3". Encyclopedia Astronautica. Retrieved 2015-11-27.
- ↑ "Vostok 4". Encyclopedia Astronautica. Retrieved 2015-11-27.
- ↑ "Vostok 5". Encyclopedia Astronautica. Retrieved 2015-11-27.
- ↑ "Vostok 6". Encyclopedia Astronautica. Retrieved 2015-11-27.
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