Stoßtrupp-Hitler
| Stoßtrupp-Hitler | |
|---|---|
|
Stoßtrupp men embark for a rally in September 1923[1] | |
| Active | 1923 |
| Country | Germany |
| Allegiance |
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| Role | Bodyguards |
Stoßtrupp-Hitler or Stosstrupp-Hitler ("Shock Troop-Hitler") was a small short-lived bodyguard unit set up specifically for Adolf Hitler in 1923.[2] Notable members included Rudolf Hess, Julius Schreck, Joseph Berchtold, Emil Maurice, Erhard Heiden, Ulrich Graf, and Bruno Gesche.[3]
Formation
In the earliest days of the Nazi Party, the leadership realized that a bodyguard unit composed of zealous and reliable men was needed. Ernst Röhm formed a guard formation from the 19.Granatwerfer-Kompanie; from this formation the Sturmabteilung (SA) soon evolved. In early 1923, Hitler ordered a separate small bodyguard unit formed. It was dedicated to his service rather than "a suspect mass" of the party, such as the SA.[4] Originally the unit was composed of only eight men, commanded by Julius Schreck and Joseph Berchtold.[5] It was designated the Stabswache (staff guard).[6] The Stabswache were issued unique badges, but at this point the Stabswache was still under overall SA control. Schreck resurrected the use of the Totenkopf (death's head) as the unit's insignia, a symbol various elite forces had used throughout the Prussian kingdom and the later German Empire.
In May 1923, the unit was renamed Stoßtrupp 'Hitler'.[5][7] The unit was commanded by Julius Schreck and never numbered more than 20 members.[8] All were considered Hitler loyalists.[7] Members included: Hess, Berchtold, Maurice, Heiden, Graf, Gesche, Sepp Dietrich, Christian Webber, Karl Fiehler, Walter Buch and Hermann Fobke.[9] On 9 November 1923, the Stoßtrupp, along with the SA and several other Nazi paramilitary units, took part in the abortive Beer Hall Putsch in Munich. In the aftermath, Hitler was imprisoned and his party and all associated formations, including the Stoßtrupp, were disbanded.[3]
See also
References
Citations
- ↑ Flaherty 2004, p. 20.
- ↑ Mitchell 2008, p. 55.
- 1 2 How Hitler's Bodyguard Worked 2015.
- ↑ McNab 2009, pp. 14, 16.
- 1 2 Weale 2010, p. 16.
- ↑ McNab 2009, p. 14.
- 1 2 McNab 2009, p. 16.
- ↑ McNab 2009, pp. 10, 16.
- ↑ McNab 2009, pp. 10, 11.
Bibliography
- Flaherty, T. H. (2004) [1988]. The Third Reich: The SS. Time-Life Books, Inc. ISBN 1-84447-073-3.
- McNab, Chris (2009). The SS: 1923–1945. Amber Books Ltd. ISBN 978-1-906626-49-5.
- Mitchell, Otis (2008). Hitler's Stormtroopers and the Attack on the German Republic, 1919-1933. McFarland Publishing. ISBN 978-0786477296.
- How Hitler's Bodyguard Worked. World Media Rights. Retrieved 3 April 2015.
- Weale, Adrian (2010). The SS: A New History. London: Little, Brown. ISBN 978-1408703045.