Unteroffizier
 | |
|---|---|
|
Heer and Luftwaffe shoulder insignia | |
| Rank insignia | German NCO rank |
| Introduction | 1957 |
| Rank group | Non-commissioned officers |
| Army / Air Force | Unteroffizier |
| Navy | Maat |
| NATO equivalent | OR-5b[N 1] |
US  |
|
UK  |
|
Unteroffizier is a military rank of the Bundeswehr and of former German-speaking armed forces (Heer and Luftwaffe). The equivalent in anglophone armed forces is sergeant or staff sergeant. However, Unteroffizier is also the collective name for all non-commissioned officers.
Germany
In Germany, Unteroffizier ("subordinate officer") is both a specific military rank as well as a generic term for any non-commissioned officer (NCO), which has existed since the 17th century.[1]
During the Nazi era, unteroffizier was a specific, junior NCO rank of both the Luftwaffe and sometimes also the Heer (army), equivalent to a Corporal in the English-speaking world.
The term continues to be used by the German Bundeswehr.
There are two classes of non-commissioned officers:
- Unteroffiziere ohne Portepee, comprising:
- Unteroffizier and Fahnenjunker
- Stabsunteroffizier
- Unteroffiziere mit Portepee, comprising:
Informally, the non-commissioned officers "mit Portepee" are often called "Feldwebel ranks", which creates confusion as the collective term Unteroffizier already exists. The word Unteroffizier, in turn, is getting a third meaning, namely: non-commissioned officer ohne Portepee, as opposed to "Feldwebel ranks".
Unteroffizier translates as "subordinate-officer" and, when meaning the specific rank, is in modern-day usage considered the equivalent to sergeant under the NATO rank scale. Historically the Unteroffizier rank was considered a corporal[2] and thus similar in duties to a British Army corporal. In peacetime an Unteroffizier was a career soldier who trained conscripts or led squads and platoons. He could rise through the ranks to become an Unteroffizier mit Portepee, i.e. a Feldwebel, which was the highest rank a career soldier could reach. Since the German officer corps was immensely class conscious a rise through the ranks from a NCO to become an officer was hardly possible except in times of war.
The Unteroffizierskorps was made up of professional soldiers which formed the backbone of German armies. This tradition has not been changed by the Bundeswehr where all ranks of Unteroffizier and up consist only of professional soldiers who sign up for a period extending conscription.
Unteroffizier is one of the few German military ranks whose insignia has remained unchanged over the past one hundred years. The shoulder boards of a modern Unteroffizier are relatively similar to the World War I and World War II designs.
A modern-day German Bundeswehr Unteroffizier typically commands squad sized formations or acts as an assistant platoon NCO. The rank is also used in the modern-day German Air Force. In the Bundeswehr the grade of Stabsunteroffizier (a junior NCO) ranks between Unteroffizier and Feldwebel.
| Preceded by Junior rank Oberstabsgefreiter (OR4a) |
  (German NCO rank) |
Succeeded by Senior rank Stabsunteroffizier (OR5a) |
Austria
Unteroffizier(e), also Unteroffizier corps (en: Non-commissioned officer(s)), is the collective name to all junior NCO-ranks in the modern day´s Austrian Bundesheer. It comprises the ranks of the assignment group M BUO 2 (professional NCO 2; de: Berufsunteroffizier 2) with the rank Oberwachtmeister (OR6), and M ZUO 2 (time serving NCO 2; de: Zeitunteroffizier 2) with the rank Wachtmeister (OR5).
Training and education of the Unteroffizier corps was reformed in 1995 and until 2000 finally introduced to the armed forces. First effected were professional NCOs of the assignment group M BUO 1 (Stabsunteroffiziere, staff NCO´s), followed by the assignment group M BUO 2 (Unteroffiziere, NCO´s).
In the result of a positive entrance examination aspirants attended the NCO trainings course (new) on the Heeresunteroffiziersakademie (HUAk) in Enns. After positive HUAk-graduation regular assignments to a Unteroffizier might be squad leader (de: Gruppenkommandant), or service in a military staff or headquarters.
| Rank group | NCOs (de: Unteroffiziere) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Field uniform |  |  | ||
| Jacket gorget |  |  | ||
| Corps colour | Medical service | Aviator | ||
| Flat cap |  |  | ||
| Rank | Oberwachtmeister (OWm) | Wachtmeister (Wm) | ||
| NATO equivalent | Staff sergeant | Sergeant | ||
 rank | OR-6 | OR-5 | ||
- See also
- Main articles: Ranks of the Austrian Bundesheer and Waffenfarbe (Austria)
Notes
- ↑ The abbreviation "OR" stands for "other ranks"
References
- ↑ Brockhaus, encyclopedia in 24 volumes (1796–2001), Volume 22: 3-7653-3676-9, page 634
- ↑ Duden, Origin and meaning of "Korporal" (German)