Uvea

For the Pacific island and chiefdom in Wallis and Futuna, see Wallis (island) and Uvea (Wallis and Futuna).
For the Pacific commune and island in New Caledonia, see Ouvéa and Ouvéa Island.
Uvea

Horizontal section of the eyeball. The constituents of the uvea follow: iris labeled at top, ciliary body labeled at upper right, and choroid labeled at center right.)
Details
Identifiers
Latin tunica vasculosa bulbi
MeSH A09.371.894

Anatomical terminology

The uvea (Lat. uva, grape), also called the uveal layer, uveal coat, uveal tract, or vascular tunic, is the pigmented middle of the three concentric layers that make up an eye. The name is possibly a reference to its reddish-blue or almost black colour, wrinkled appearance and grape-like size and shape when stripped intact from a cadaveric eye.[1] Its use as a technical term in anatomy and ophthalmology is relatively modern.

Structure

Regions

The uvea is the vascular middle layer of the eye. It is traditionally divided into three areas, from front to back, the:

Function

The prime functions of the uveal tract as a unit are:

In addition some uveal regions have special functions of great importance, including secretion of the aqueous humour by the ciliary processes, control of accommodation (focus) by the ciliary body, and optimisation of retinal illumination by the iris's control over the pupil. Many of these functions are under the control of the autonomic nervous system.

Pharmacology

The pupil provides a visible example of the neural feedback control in the body. This is subserved by a balance between the antagonistic sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the autonomic nervous system. Informal pharmacological experiments have been performed on the pupil for centuries, since the pupil is readily visible, and its size can be readily altered by applying drugs—even crude plant extracts—to the cornea. Pharmacological control over pupil size remains an important part of the treatment of some ocular diseases.

Drugs can also reduce the metabolically-active process of secreting aqueous humour, which is important in treating both acute and chronic glaucoma.

Immunology

The normal uvea consists of immune competent cells, particularly lymphocytes, and is prone to respond to inflammation by developing lymphocytic infiltrates. A rare disease called sympathetic ophthalmia may represent 'cross-reaction' between the uveal and retinal antigens (i.e., the body's inability to distinguish between them, with resulting misdirected inflammatory reactions).

Clinical significance

See uveitis, choroiditis, iritis, Iridocyclitis, anterior uveitis, sympathetic ophthalmia, uveal melanoma.

References

  1. ↑ eye, human."Encyclopædia Britannica from Encyclopædia Britannica 2006 Ultimate Reference Suite DVD 2009
This article is issued from Wikipedia - version of the 6/7/2016. The text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share Alike but additional terms may apply for the media files.