Parwan Province

Parwan پروان
Province
The Salang Pass during winter
Map of Afghanistan with Parwan highlighted
Coordinates (Capital): 35°00′N 69°00′E / 35.0°N 69.0°E / 35.0; 69.0Coordinates: 35°00′N 69°00′E / 35.0°N 69.0°E / 35.0; 69.0
Country	Afghanistan
Capital	Charikar
Government
• Governor	Mohammad Asim Asim
Area
• Total	5,974 km2 (2,307 sq mi)
Population (2015)[1]
• Total	664,502
• Density	110/km2 (290/sq mi)
Time zone	UTC+4:30
ISO 3166 code	AF-PAR
Main languages	Dari and Pashto[2]

Parwan (Persian/Pashto: پروان), also spelled Parvān, is one of the 34 provinces of Afghanistan. It has a population of about 631,600,^[1] which is multi-ethnic and mostly a rural society. The province is divided into ten districts. The town of Charikar serves as the provincial capital.

Located north of Kabul Province and south of Baghlan Province, it was once the name of an ancient town in the Hindu Kush mountains.^[3]

Parwan is one of the secured provinces of Afghanistan. However, occasional militant attacks are reported but they are usually minor. Security incidents in Parwan mostly involve grenade attacks on the residences of government officials or roadside bombs.^[4] Bagram Air Base, which is one of the largest U.S.-military bases in Afghanistan, is located in Parwan.

History

History of Afghanistan
Timeline
Ancient Indus valley civilization 2200–1800 BC Oxus civilization 2100–1800 BC Aryans 1700–700 BC Median Empire 728–550 BC Achaemenid Empire 550–330 BC Seleucid Empire 330–150 BC Maurya Empire 305–180 BC Greco-Bactrian Kingdom 256–125 BC Parthian Empire 247 BC–224 AD Indo-Greek Kingdom 180–130 BC Indo-Scythian Kingdom 155–80? BC Kushan Empire 135 BC – 248 AD Indo-Parthian Kingdom 20 BC – 50? AD Sasanian Empire 230–651 Kidarite Kingdom 320–465 Hephthalite Empire 410–557
Medieval Kabul Shahi 565–879 Principality of Chaghaniyan 7th–8th centuries Rashidun Caliphate 652–661 Umayyads 661–750 Abbasids 750–821 Tahirids 821–873 Saffarids 863–900 Samanids 875–999 Ghaznavids 963–1187 Ghurids before 879–1215 Seljuqs 1037–1194 Khwarezmids 1215–1231 Qarlughids 1224–1266 Ilkhanate 1258–1353 Chagatai Khanate 1225–1370 Khiljis 1290–1320 Karts 1245–1381 Timurids 1370–1507 Arghuns 1479–1522 Mughals 1501–1738 Safavids 1510–1709 Afsharids 1738-1747
Modern Hotaki Empire 1709–1738 Durrani Empire 1747–1826 Emirate of Afghanistan 1826–1919 Kingdom of Afghanistan 1919–1973 Republic of Afghanistan 1973–1978 Democratic Republic of Afghanistan 1978–1992 Islamic State of Afghanistan 1992–2001 Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan 1996–2001 Interim/Transitional Administration 2001–2004 Islamic Republic of Afghanistan since 2004
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In 329 BC, Alexander the Great founded the settlement of Parwan as his Alexandria of the Caucasus. It was conquered by Arab Muslims in 792 AD.^[3] In 1221, the province was the site of the battle between the invading Mongols, led by Genghis Khan, and the Khwarezmian Empire led by Jalal ad-Din Mingburnu, where the Mongols were defeated.^[3] The famous Moroccan traveler and scholar, Ibn Battuta, visiting the area in 1333 writes:

"We halted next at a place called Banj Hir (Panjshir), which means "Five Mountains," where there was once a fine and populous city built on a great river with blue water like the sea. This country was devastated by Tinkiz, the king of the Tatars, and has not been inhabited since. We came to a mountain called Pashay, where there is a convent of the Shaykh Ata Awliya, which means "Father of the Saints." He is also called Sisad Salah, which is the Persian for "three hundred years," because they say that he is three hundred and fifty years old. They have a very high opinion of him and come to visit him from the towns and villages, and sultans and princesses visit him too. He received us with honor and made us his guests. We encamped by a river near his convent and went to see him, and when I saluted him he embraced me. His skin is fresh and smoother than any I have seen; anyone seeing him would take him to be fifty years old. He told me that he grew new hair and teeth every hundred years. I had some doubts about him, however, and God knows how much truth there is in what he says. We travelled thence to Parwan, where I met the amir Buruntayh. He treated me well and wrote to his representatives at Ghazna enjoining them to show me honour. We went on to the village of Charkh [Charikar], it being now summer, and from there to the town of Ghazna. This is the town of the famous warrior-sultan Mahmud ibn Sabuktagin, one of the greatest of rulers, who made frequent raids into India and captured cities and fortresses there."^[5]

— Ibn Battuta, 1304–1369

The area was subsequently ruled by the Timurids and Mughals until Ahmad Shah Durrani made it part of the Durrani Empire in 1747. In 1840, Parwan was the site of a major battle in the First Anglo-Afghan War where the invading British were defeated.^[3] Parwan's modern history began with the construction of a new textile factory in the town of Jabal Saraj in 1937.^[3] Parwan was involved in the Soviet war in Afghanistan as some of the fiercest fighting took place in the area.^[6] In the 1990s it was the site of heavy resistance against the Taliban.

Recent history

Computer class at the Korean Education and Cultural Center in Parwan.

Since the removal of the Taliban in late 2001, the United States Armed Forces took control of Bagram Air Base and began using it as one of their main bases in Afghanistan. There is a Provincial Reconstruction Team (PRT) led by South Korea helping the locals with development activities in the province.^[7] In mid-February 2011, five rocket-propelled grenades hit the newly built South Korean military base housing the provincial reconstruction team and civilian aid workers. No one was injured in the attack, but it came hours after a visit by South Korean Defense Minister Kim Kwan-jin, raising suspicions of Taliban involvement. The opening ceremony of the base was postponed indefinitely.^[8]

A plan to build a power plant in the province is under consideration. A large portion of Parwan's economy relies on remittances from the Afghan diaspora living abroad.

In July 2012, the Taliban executed a married woman in front of a large crowd after she was found guilty of adultery.^[9] It was reported that the woman had a secret affair with a married military commander of the Afghan National Army.

Politics and governance

The current governor of the province is Mohammad Asim Asim. The city of Charikar is the capital of the province. All law enforcement activities throughout the province are handled by the Afghan National Police (ANP). The provincial police chief represents the Ministry of the Interior in Kabul. The ANP is backed by other Afghan National Security Forces (ANSF), including the NATO-led forces.

Healthcare

The percentage of households with clean drinking water fell from 32% in 2005 to 11% in 2011.^[10] The percentage of births attended to by a skilled birth attendant increased from 4% in 2005 to 7% in 2011.^[10]

Education

The overall literacy rate (6+ years of age) fell from 37% in 2005 to 28% in 2011.^[10] The overall net enrolment rate (6–13 years of age) increased from 42% in 2005 to 54% in 2011.^[10]

Demographics and geography

Ethnolinguistic groups of Afghanistan

Districts of Parwan province

The total population of the province is about 631,600, which is multi-ethnic and mostly a rural society.^[1] According to the Naval Postgraduate School, the ethnic groups of the province are as follows: Pashtun, Tajik, Uzbek, Qizilbash, Kuchi, Hazara, and other minority groups.^[11] The Institute for the Study of War (ISW) states that "[t]he main ethnic groups are Pashtuns and Tajiks, but there are small numbers of Uzbeks, Qizilbash and Hazaras as well."^[4]

According to Afghanistan's Ministry of Rural Rehabilitation and Development:

Around three quarters (73%) of the population of Parwan lives in rural districts, while one quarter (27%) lives in urban areas, Around 50% of the population is male and 50% is female. Dari and Pashto are the main languages spoken in the province; however Dari speakers outnumber Pashto speakers by a ratio of 5 to 2.^[2] Parwan province also has a population of Kuchis or nomads whose numbers vary in different seasons. In winter 30,290 Kuchi live in Parwan province, of which 66% are short-range migratory and the remaining 34% are long-range migratory. During the summer, Kuchi migrate to Parwan province from Laghman, Kapisa, Baghlan and to a lesser extent from Kabul, Nangarhar and Kunar. The Kuchi population in the summer is 121,517 individuals.^[2]

Districts

Notable towns and villages

• Gulbahar, Afghanistan

Gallery

• Images of Parwan Province
• 
  A road in the Parwan Province, near the Sayed Bridge which is located short distance north from Bagram Air Base.
• 
  Fields near the Sayed Bridge
• 
  School girls in a rural area of Parwan
• 
  A member of the Afghan National Police trying to control local children awaiting the distribution of goods from the U.S. military for the winter months.
• 
  Afghan women working inside a factory in Parwan

See also

• Provinces of Afghanistan

References

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Parwan Province.

• Parwan Province by the Naval Postgraduate School
• Parwan Province by the Institute for the Study of War

		Baghlan Province	Panjshir Province
	Bamyan Province		Kapisa Province
		Parwan Province
	Wardak Province		Kabul Province

Provinces of Afghanistan
Badakhshan Badghis Baghlan Balkh Bamyan Daykundi Farah Faryab Ghazni Ghor Helmand Herat Jowzjan Kabul Kandahar Kapisa Khost Kunar Kunduz Laghman Logar Maidan Wardak Nangarhar Nimruz Nuristan Paktia Paktika Panjshir Parwan Samangan Sar-e Pol Takhar Urozgan Zabul